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Building activated sludge models (ASMs) still depends heavily on expert choices about boundaries, components, and reactions. We developed AutoWWTP-ASM, an auditable large-language-model agent (LLM-Agent) workflow for library-constrained ASM configuration, execution, and calibration. The workflow converts wastewater-process descriptions into structured configurations and combines a predefined ASM library with boundary specification and optional human review. In a coupled carbon\u2212nitrogen\u2212phosphorus task, AutoWWTP-ASM instantiated a model containing 21 state components and 41 biochemical reactions. Across 37 evaluation tasks, the average accuracy scores of ten LLM backbones ranged from 0.596 to 0.627, indicating a narrow range of backbone-level performance within the tested workflow. Ablation experiments evaluated the knowledge, planning, and reflection modules. Comparisons with a single agent, an 8B LLM, and human modelers assessed deployment and efficiency trade-offs. Additional evaluations using six IWA BSM1 scenarios and data from a full-scale WWTP provided further evidence of applicability under standardized and real-data conditions. We provide open-source LangGraph code, together with Codex, Claude Code, and Agent Skill implementations, to support the reproducible development of auditable LLM-Agent workflows for environmental modeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c09278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:02:20Z","timestamp":1790305340000},"page":"27879-27892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Auditable\nAutomation of Activated Sludge Modeling\nfor Wastewater Treatment Diagnosis Using LLM-Agents"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7266-8194","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu-Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]},{"name":"City University of Hong Kong , , , ,","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, 999077"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Ji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6347-8880","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yun-Peng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai-Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6555-1722","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong-Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026100609071173800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-025-00576-8","article-title":"Metagenome-Resolved\nGlobal Microbial Diversity and Function in Activated-Sludge Wastewater\nTreatment Systems","volume":"4","author":"Xie","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. 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