{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:44:24Z","timestamp":1792784664823,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22136004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22136004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22376182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22376182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LZ25B070001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LZ25B070001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04aqat463","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF","award":["GZC20250856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZC20250856"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sunlight-driven photochemical reactions are a major force driving atmospheric and aquatic cycles of organic carbon (OC), and affect Earth\u2019s climate. However, current OC photo-oxidation flux assessment relying on bulk-phase kinetics systematically underestimate reaction rates observed in nature. It remains uncertain whether the environmental interfaces are the driving variables regulating OC photo-processing rates. Here we demonstrate that photolysis of nitrate (NO3\u2013) at air-water interfaces establishes a highly efficient and previously unrecognized pathway for rapid OC transformation. Using both volatile and dissolved organic carbon (VOCs and DOCs) as model substrates, we demonstrate that NO3\u2013 photolysis in microdroplets drives a unified enhancement in oxidative reactivity, accelerating VOCs oxidation by 6.9\u201317.0-fold and increasing DOCs mineralization efficiency by \u223c5.1-fold. Confocal Raman and fluorescence imaging further show the co-enrichment of NO3\u2013 and OC in interfacial layer, creating a confined and highly reactive region for rapid OC photo-oxidation. This observation challenges the long-standing practice of using bulk reaction kinetics for assessing OC processing rates, and instead lends evidence for air-water interfaces as hotspot for significantly accelerated OC transformation in nature, understanding of carbon cycle rates in atmospheric and aquatic systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c09688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:02:30Z","timestamp":1788944550000},"page":"26655-26663","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interfacial Nitrate\nPhotolysis Drives Rapid Oxidation\nof Organic Carbon"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Ming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2052-3773","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yufu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6263-3717","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1100-4077","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaoping","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8196-081X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Baoliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2504-0685","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yulin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9493-9120","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chiheng","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7852","key":"2026092210093606400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03325-5","article-title":"Soil Moisture\u2013Atmosphere\nFeedback Dominates Land Carbon Uptake Variability","volume":"592","author":"Humphrey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026092210093606400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09802-5","article-title":"Emerging Climate\nImpact on Carbon Sinks in a Consolidated Carbon\nBudget","volume":"649","author":"Friedlingstein","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6199","key":"2026092210093606400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253119","article-title":"Sunlight Controls\nWater Column Processing of Carbon in Arctic Fresh Waters","volume":"345","author":"Cory","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026092210093606400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11240","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b03948","article-title":"Photodegradation\nof Fludioxonil and\nOther Pyrroles: The Importance of Indirect Photodegradation for Understanding\nEnvironmental Fate and Photoproduct Formation","volume":"53","author":"Apell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026092210093606400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10391","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b01928","article-title":"Dissolved\nBlack Carbon as an Efficient Sensitizer in the Photochemical Transformation\nof 17\u03b2-Estradiol in Aqueous Solution","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026092210093606400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11171","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1821661116","article-title":"Mapping Hydroxyl Variability throughout\nthe Global Remote Troposphere via Synthesis of Airborne and Satellite\nFormaldehyde Observations","volume":"116","author":"Wolfe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad.\nSci. 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