{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:42:02Z","timestamp":1792784522691,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2024YFB3910203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFB3910203"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["42475144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42475144"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["L211045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L211045"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Methane emissions from coal mining are difficult to constrain because of temporal variability and sparse observations. We used multitemporal hyperspectral observations from GF5A, GF5B, ZY1E, and ZY1F to quantify facility-scale emissions and evaluate sampling requirements for annualized estimates. Of 301 scenes acquired from January 2024 to 15 April 2025, 117 cloud-free scenes yielded 237 confirmed plume events from 16 sources at 10 underground coal mines. Event-scale emission rates varied substantially and reached 22.1 \u00b1 4.7 t h\u20131. The highest-emitting source had an annualized mean rate of 10.2 \u00b1 2.3 t h\u20131. Source-specific bootstrap analysis showed decreasing estimation error with increasing sampling, although convergence varied among sources; approximately 20 usable plume-level observations per year provided an empirical guideline for the studied source population. We then simulated potential clear-sky observation opportunities for the world\u2019s 100 largest active coal mines by production using six satellite missions, orbital and illumination constraints, and cloud cover. These mines received an average of approximately 18 opportunities per year, and 40% received more than 20. Coordinated multisatellite observations can strengthen methane measurement, reporting, and verification, provided that plume detectability, source attribution, and quantification requirements are met.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c09705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:02:00Z","timestamp":1790334120000},"page":"27718-27731","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Constraining\nAnnual Coal Mine Methane Emissions with\nMultitemporal Hyperspectral Satellite Observations"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3392-4799","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haotian","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430079"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430079"]},{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiqin","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment\/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100094"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huayi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430079"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430079"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1474-7888","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430079"]},{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Mining and Technology , , ,","place":["Xuzhou, China, 221116"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Insights Value Technology Co. Ltd. , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100070"]},{"name":"Zhongguancun Ruichen Satellite Innovation and Application Research Institute , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weida","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Insights Value Technology Co. Ltd. , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100070"]},{"name":"Zhongguancun Ruichen Satellite Innovation and Application Research Institute , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengnan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Insights Value Technology Co. Ltd. , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100070"]},{"name":"Zhongguancun Ruichen Satellite Innovation and Application Research Institute , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430072"]},{"name":"Wuhan University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430072"]},{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430206"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100609074313600_cit1","volume-title":"Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. Contribution\nof working group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental\npanel on climate change","author":"Masson-Delmotte","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6772","key":"2026100609074313600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adu7392","article-title":"Global methane action\npays for itself at least six times over","volume":"390","author":"Stoerk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026100609074313600_cit3","volume-title":"Global Methane Pledge","author":"European Union & United States.","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026100609074313600_cit4","volume-title":"Methane Emission Control\nAction Plan","author":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026100609074313600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2026GL121913","article-title":"Observation-Constrained Fossil Fuel\nCO2 Emissions Reveal Post-2018 Stabilization in China","volume":"53","author":"Feng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026100609074313600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2025GL119369","article-title":"Rapid Methane Flux\nEstimation Combining MethaneSAT and Sentinel-5P Observations: A Case\nStudy of Turkmenistan","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100609074313600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-12-1561-2020","article-title":"The Global\nMethane Budget 2000\u20132017","volume":"12","author":"Saunois","year":"2020","journal-title":"Earth Syst.\nSci. Data"},{"key":"2026100609074313600_cit8","volume-title":"Global Methane Tracker 2023","author":"IEA.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100609074313600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024GL109065","article-title":"Unveiling Unprecedented Methane Hotspots\nin China\u2019s Leading Coal Production Hub: A Satellite Mapping\nRevelation","volume":"51","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026100609074313600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5837","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-25-5837-2025","article-title":"Surface-observation-constrained\nhigh-frequency coal mine methane emissions in Shanxi, China, reveal\nmore emissions than inventories, consistent with satellite inversion","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026100609074313600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-17-2937-2024","article-title":"A survey of methane point source\nemissions from coal mines in Shanxi province of China using AHSI on\nboard Gaofen-5B","volume":"17","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026100609074313600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4875","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-4875-2024","article-title":"Quantifying CH4 emissions from coal\nmine aggregation areas in Shanxi, China, using TROPOMI observations\nand the wind-assigned anomaly method","volume":"24","author":"Tu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. 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Remote Sens."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609074313600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53645-z","article-title":"Systematic assessment of the achieved emission reductions of carbon\ncrediting projects","volume":"15","author":"Probst","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026100609074313600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6933","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-18-6933-2025","article-title":"The Carbon Mapper emissions monitoring\nsystem","volume":"18","author":"Duren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609074313600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD019912","article-title":"Estimating global black carbon emissions using a top-down Kalman\nFilter approach","volume":"119","author":"Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos."},{"key":"2026100609074313600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2023.113720","article-title":"Model-free daily inversion of NOx\nemissions using TROPOMI (MCMFE-NOx) and its uncertainty: Declining\nregulated emissions and growth of new sources","volume":"295","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100609074313600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-26-1931-2026","article-title":"How can we\ntrust TROPOMI based methane emissions estimation: calculating emissions\nover unidentified source regions","volume":"26","author":"Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem.\nPhys."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100609074313600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4383","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-8-4383-2015","article-title":"Real-time remote\ndetection and measurement for airborne imaging spectroscopy: a case\nstudy with methane","volume":"8","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Technol."},{"key":"2026100609074313600_cit28","unstructured":"Carbon Mapper Coalition.\n          \n          The Carbon Mapper Coalition\nprepares to launch first satellite. https:\/\/carbonmapper.org\/articles\/the-carbon-mapper-coalition-prepares-to-launch-first-satellite."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100609074313600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5673","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-5673-2018","article-title":"Quantifying\nmethane point sources\nfrom fine-scale satellite observations of atmospheric methane plumes","volume":"11","author":"Varon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100609074313600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c00173","article-title":"Intermittency\nof large\nmethane emitters in the Permian Basin","volume":"8","author":"Cusworth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026100609074313600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13507","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL083798","article-title":"Satellite discovery of anomalously large methane point sources from\noil\/gas production","volume":"46","author":"Varon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"52","key":"2026100609074313600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26376","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1908712116","article-title":"Satellite observations reveal extreme\nmethane leakage from a natural gas well blowout","volume":"116","author":"Pandey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"6398","key":"2026100609074313600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar7204","article-title":"Assessment of methane\nemissions from the U.S. oil and\ngas supply chain","volume":"361","author":"Alvarez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026100609074313600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2023.113986","article-title":"On-orbit calibration\nand performance of the\nEMIT imaging spectrometer","volume":"303","author":"Thompson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100609074313600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/10095020.2020.1860653","article-title":"Advances in\nspaceborne\nhyperspectral remote sensing in China","volume":"24","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geo-Spatial\nInf. Sci."},{"issue":"7781","key":"2026100609074313600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1720-3","article-title":"California\u2019s\nmethane super-emitters","volume":"575","author":"Duren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026100609074313600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2023.113652","article-title":"Improving quantification of methane point source emissions\nfrom imaging spectroscopy","volume":"295","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026100609074313600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3857","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-18-3857-2025","article-title":"Detection and quantification of methane\nplumes with\nthe MethaneAIR airborne spectrometer","volume":"18","author":"Guanter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atmos.\nMeas. Technol."},{"issue":"46","key":"2026100609074313600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh2391","article-title":"Attribution of individual\nmethane and carbon dioxide emission sources\nusing EMIT observations from space","volume":"9","author":"Thorpe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026100609074313600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2026.115478","article-title":"Quantifying\nfacility-scale CO2 emissions using spaceborne hyperspectral imageries","volume":"342","author":"Han","year":"2026","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"issue":"35","key":"2026100609074313600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9734","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605617113","article-title":"Airborne methane remote measurements reveal heavy-tail\nflux distribution in Four Corners region","volume":"113","author":"Frankenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc.\nNatl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"2026100609074313600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112671","article-title":"Mapping methane\npoint emissions with the PRISMA spaceborne imaging spectrometer","volume":"265","author":"Guanter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100609074313600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-19-2407-2026","article-title":"TROPOMI\/WFMD v2.0: Improved retrievals\nof XCH4 and XCO with XGBoost-based quality filtering","volume":"19","author":"Schneising","year":"2026","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Technol."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026100609074313600_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10423","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-26-10423-2026","article-title":"Assessment of the differences in\nEuropean CH4 emission\nestimates from three TROPOMI products","volume":"26","author":"Sicsik-Pare\u0301","year":"2026","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. 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Technol."},{"issue":"8089","key":"2026100609074313600_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09683-8","article-title":"Global satellite survey reveals uncertainty\nin landfill methane emissions","volume":"647","author":"Dogniaux","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026100609074313600_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138295","article-title":"China\u2019s\nCH4 emissions from\ncoal mining: A review of current bottom-up inventories","volume":"725","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026100609074313600_cit49","volume-title":"Global Methane Tracker 2024","author":"IEA.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100609074313600_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3390\/rs17020220","article-title":"High-Resolution\nSatellite Reveals the Methane Emissions from China\u2019s Coal Mines","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100609074313600_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024JD042371","article-title":"Anthropogenic Carbon Monoxide Emissions During 2014\u20132020\nin China Constrained by In Situ Ground Observations","volume":"130","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Geophys. 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