{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:08:58Z","timestamp":1790690938341,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell???Istruzione, dell???Universit?? e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004271","name":"Sapienza Universit?? di Roma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024 RM124190EA13B276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024 RM124190EA13B276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004271","name":"Sapienza Universit?? di Roma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025 RG125199BFEA9A39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025 RG125199BFEA9A39"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CN_00000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN_00000033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This one-year study integrates multi-elemental fractionation, physiological, and gene expression analyses to investigate PM retention and plant responses in a nine-species green wall at a high-traffic urban site. A chemical fractionation approach was optimized to discriminate between endogenous and exogenous elements, overcoming a major limitation of conventional methodologies. PCA of the insoluble fraction of Al, Cr, Cs, Fe, Mn, Mo, Rb, Sb, Sn, Ti, and Zn identified Photinia \u00d7 fraseri as the species with the highest and most stable long-term retention of non-exhaust traffic-derived particles, whereas Pteris vittata showed the lowest and most unstable retention capacity. Insoluble elements reliably traced PM deposition, while soluble and leaf fractions were strongly influenced by endogenous pools of both essential nutrients and tracers such as Cs and Rb, potentially leading to overestimation of PM deposition by conventional approaches. SEM\u2013EDS confirmed up to 100-fold higher particle retention in P. \u00d7 fraseri than P. vittata. Physiological and gene expression analyses revealed pronounced seasonal modulation in P. \u00d7 fraseri, suggesting greater physiological and molecular plasticity in response to environmental fluctuations, whereas P. vittata maintained comparatively stable photosynthetic and transcriptional profiles. The results provide a robust framework for plant-based biomonitoring and urban green infrastructure design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c10086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:01:26Z","timestamp":1789714886000},"page":"27178-27191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urban Green Walls\nunder Traffic Stress: Linking the\nElemental Composition of Particulate Matter Deposition to Plant Physiological\nand Gene Expression Responses"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Massimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome , , P.le A. Moro 5 , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00185"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Antenozio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy (CNR IRET) , , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00010"]},{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90133"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Marzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy (CNR IRET) , , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00010"]},{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90133"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Zara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome , , P.le A. Moro 5 , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00185"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1210-0561","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caterina","family":"Tiraboschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome , , P.le A. Moro 5 , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00185"]},{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome , , P.le A. Moro 5 , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00185"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Porcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome , , P.le A. Moro 5 , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00185"]},{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90133"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Varone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome , , P.le A. Moro 5 , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00185"]},{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90133"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Canepari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome , , P.le A. Moro 5 , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00185"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5845-3924","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research National Research Council of Italy (CNR IIA) , Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo Street , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Pietrodangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90133"]},{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research National Research Council of Italy (CNR IIA) , Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo Street , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Perrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research National Research Council of Italy (CNR IIA) , Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo Street , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7213-795X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy (CNR IRET) , , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00010"]},{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90133"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4337\/9781800376762.00013","article-title":"Urban Ecological Resilience: Ensuring Urban Ecosystems\nCan Provide Nature-Based Solutions","volume-title":"Nature-Based\nSolutions for Cities","author":"McPhearson","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit2","unstructured":"Air Quality Expert Group.\n          . Non-Exhaust\nEmissions from Road Traffic.  Technical Report\nPB14581; Air\nQuality Expert Group (AQEG): London,\nUK, 2019; p 93. https:\/\/uk-air.defra.gov.uk\/library\/reports.php?report_id=992 (accessed 06 19, 2026)."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit3","article-title":"Non-Exhaust Emissions:\nAn Urban Air Quality Problem for Public Health","volume-title":"Impact and Mitigation Measures","author":"Amato","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909075799300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtte.2023.07.012","article-title":"A Review of Non-Exhaust Emissions on Pavement Area:\nSources, Compositions, Evaluation and Mitigation","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Traffic Transp. Eng., Engl. Ed."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135871","article-title":"Innovative\nExperimental\nApproach for Spatial Mapping of Source-Specific Risk Contributions\nof Potentially Toxic Trace Elements in PM10","volume":"307","author":"Massimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.04.053","article-title":"Urban Air Quality: The Challenge\nof Traffic Non-Exhaust Emissions","volume":"275","author":"Amato","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hazard.\nMater."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2025.102464","article-title":"Two-Year Monitoring\nof Indoor and\nOutdoor PM10 at 15 Sites in an Urban Setting. Part I: Chemical Composition\nand Source Tracers","volume":"61","author":"Perrino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2026092909075799300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.06.007","article-title":"Sources and Properties of Non-Exhaust\nParticulate Matter\nfrom Road Traffic: A Review","volume":"400","author":"Thorpe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.06.074","article-title":"On the Temporal Variation\nof Leaf Magnetic Parameters: Seasonal Accumulation of Leaf-Deposited\nand Leaf-Encapsulated Particles of a Roadside Tree Crown","volume":"493","author":"Hofman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.12.051","article-title":"Lichen Transplants\nas Indicators\nof Atmospheric Element Concentrations: A High Spatial Resolution Comparison\nwith PM10 Samples in a Polluted Area (Central Italy)","volume":"101","author":"Massimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909075799300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3390\/f15060928","article-title":"Nature-Based\nSolutions to Reduce\nAir Pollution: A Case Study from Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Using Trees, Herbs,\nMosses and Lichens","volume":"15","author":"Petrova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Forests"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2026092909075799300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-016-0103-6","article-title":"Health and Climate\nRelated Ecosystem Services Provided by Street Trees in the Urban Environment","volume":"15","author":"Salmond","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2021.106321","article-title":"Green Walls: A Form\nof Constructed Wetland in Green Buildings","volume":"169","author":"Addo-Bankas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol.\nEng."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909075799300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.3390\/su10061995","article-title":"A Comparative Approach to Artificial\nand Natural Green Walls According to Ecological Sustainability","volume":"10","author":"Meral","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comp. Approach Artif. Nat. Green Walls Accord. Ecol. Sustain."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909075799300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2019.1696744","article-title":"Airborne Particulate\nMatter Accumulation on Common Green Wall Plants","volume":"22","author":"Paull","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediation"},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.07.203","article-title":"Green Wall Systems: A Review of Their\nCharacteristics","volume":"41","author":"Manso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909075799300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos17010114","article-title":"Brake Dust\nfrom Vehicular and Rail Traffic: Assessment of Elemental Profiles,\nMagnetic Susceptibility, Dispersion, Contributions to Soil Contamination\nand Health Risks","volume":"17","author":"Di Martino","year":"2026","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131052","article-title":"Air Quality Biomonitoring through Olea Europaea L The\nStudy Case of Land of Pyres","volume":"282","author":"Guarino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909075799300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11030226","article-title":"Evaluation\nof the Efficiency of Arundo Donax L. Leaves as Biomonitors for Atmospheric\nElement Concentrations in an Urban and Industrial Area of Central\nItaly","volume":"11","author":"Ristorini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092909075799300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s10669-009-9218-4","article-title":"Impact of Industrial Air Pollutants\non Some Biochemical Parameters and Yield in Wheat and Mustard Plants","volume":"29","author":"Joshi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmentalist"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909075799300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-007-0957-y","article-title":"Photochemistry, Remotely Sensed Physiological Reflectance Index and\nde-Epoxidation State of the Xanthophyll Cycle in Quercus Coccifera\nunder Intense Drought","volume":"156","author":"Peguero-Pina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2025.110453","article-title":"Assessing Mediterranean Tree Species\nSuitability for Urban Environments: Insights from Experimental Data\nIncluding 23 Leaf Functional Traits","volume":"229","author":"Porcu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol.\nBiochem."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaspro.2016.02.099","article-title":"Air Pollution\nRemoval by Green Infrastructures and\nUrban Forests in the City of Florence","volume":"8","author":"Bottalico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agric.\nAgric. Sci. Procedia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909075799300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2004.03.031","article-title":"Deposition\nVelocities to Sorbus Aria,\nAcer Campestre, Populus Deltoides \u00d7 Trichocarpa \u2018Beaupre\u0301\u2019,\nPinus Nigra and \u00d7 Cupressocyparis Leylandii for Coarse, Fine\nand Ultra-Fine Particles in the Urban Environment","volume":"133","author":"Freer-Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.117313","article-title":"Accelerated\nSettling\nVelocity of Airborne Particulate Matter on Hairy Plant Leaves","volume":"332","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092909075799300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2015.1100710","article-title":"Laboratory\nEvaluation and Calibration of Three Low-Cost Particle Sensors for\nParticulate Matter Measurement","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909075799300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3390\/f8030092","article-title":"Relationship between Leaf Surface\nCharacteristics and Particle Capturing Capacities of Different Tree\nSpecies in Beijing","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.07.105","article-title":"Spatio-Temporal Variations in PM Leaf Deposition: A\nMeta-Analysis","volume":"231","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909075799300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2012.694498","article-title":"Particulate\nMatter on Foliage of 13 Woody Species:\nDeposition on Surfaces and Phytostabilisation in Waxes \u2013 a\n3-Year Study","volume":"15","author":"Popek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediation"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092909075799300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12050754","article-title":"Comprehensive Transcriptome\nAnalysis of Rare Carpinus Putoensis Plants under NO2 Stress","volume":"12","author":"Sheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.02.032","article-title":"Pollen of\nCommon Ragweed\n(Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L.): Illumina-Based de Novo Sequencing and\nDifferential Transcript Expression upon Elevated NO2\/O3","volume":"224","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2023.105313","article-title":"How Does Particulate\nMatter Affect Plant Transcriptome and Microbiome?","volume":"209","author":"Vergata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2023.105304","article-title":"The Transcriptional\nMechanism Responding to Air Particulate Matter in Laurus Nobilis (L.)","volume":"210","author":"Vergata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301533","DOI":"10.3389\/ffgc.2023.1301533","article-title":"Adsorption\nof Particulate Matter\nand Uptake of Metal and Non-Metal Elements from PM in Leaves of Pinus\nDensiflora and Quercus Acutissima: A Comparative Study","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. For. Glob. Change"},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132341","article-title":"Foliar Dust as a Reliable\nEnvironmental Monitor of Heavy Metal Pollution\nin Comparison to Plant Leaves and Soil in Urban Areas","volume":"287","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909075799300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.04.017","article-title":"Deciduous\nTree Leaves in Trace Elements Biomonitoring:\nA Contribution to Methodology","volume":"11","author":"Tomas\u030cevic\u0301","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113138","article-title":"Impacts of\nAtmospheric Particulate Matter Pollution on Environmental Biogeochemistry\nof Trace Metals in Soil-Plant System: A Review","volume":"255","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026092909075799300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5717","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165717","article-title":"Innovative\nCharacterization of Particulate Matter Deposited on Urban Vegetation\nLeaves through the Application of a Chemical Fractionation Procedure","volume":"17","author":"Ristorini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"31","key":"2026092909075799300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.09.059","article-title":"Enhancement\nof Source Traceability of Atmospheric PM by Elemental Chemical Fractionation","volume":"43","author":"Canepari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909075799300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84552-4","article-title":"Foliar Image-Based\nCharacterization of Airborne Particulate\nMatter in an Urban Area and Its Implications for Remediation","volume":"15","author":"Tiwari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092909075799300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5187","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-5187-2019","article-title":"Identification\nand Quantification of Particulate Tracers of Exhaust and Non-Exhaust\nVehicle Emissions","volume":"19","author":"Charron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2021.118592","article-title":"Non-Exhaust Vehicle\nEmissions of Particulate Matter and VOC from Road Traffic: A Review","volume":"262","author":"Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092909075799300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6813","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c01072","article-title":"A Review of Road Traffic-Derived\nNon-Exhaust Particles: Emissions, Physicochemical Characteristics,\nHealth Risks, and Mitigation Measures","volume":"56","author":"Fussell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2025.102466","article-title":"Two-Year Monitoring\nof Indoor\/Outdoor PM10 at 15 Sites in an Urban Setting. Part II: Source\nApportionment and Oxidative Potential","volume":"61","author":"Massimi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Urban\nClim."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0215-9","volume-title":"Scanning Electron\nMicroscopy and X-ray Microanalysis","author":"Goldstein","year":"2003","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909075799300_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4811-9-40","article-title":"Cell Surface and Cell Outline Imaging in Plant Tissues\nUsing the Backscattered Electron Detector in a Variable Pressure Scanning\nElectron Microscope","volume":"9","author":"Talbot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909075799300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1093\/micmic\/ozad113","article-title":"ZAFG Method for Quantitative Characterization of Spherical Particles:\nDeriving a Universal Equation for Geometrical Correction","volume":"29","author":"Bayazid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microsc. Microanal."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092909075799300_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/027868202753504083","article-title":"The Relationship between\nMass and Mobility for Atmospheric Particles: A New Technique for Measuring\nParticle Density","volume":"36","author":"McMurry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"S3","key":"2026092909075799300_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927616011120","article-title":"Elemental Analysis of Particles PM2.5\nby SEM-EDS","volume":"22","author":"Ramirez-Leal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microsc. Microanal."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909075799300_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(89)80016-9","article-title":"The Relationship between the Quantum\nYield of Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Quenching of Chlorophyll\nFluorescence","volume":"990","author":"Genty","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA\u2500Gen.\nSubj."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119773","article-title":"Arsenic Accumulation\nin Pteris Vittata: Time Course, Distribution, and Arsenic-Related\nGene Expression in Fronds and Whole Plantlets","volume":"309","author":"Antenozio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092909075799300_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis\nof Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time\nQuantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092909075799300_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45e","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A New Mathematical\nModel for Relative Quantification in Real-Time RT\u2013PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118619","article-title":"Branch Surface Morphology\nRegulates Particulate Matter Capture in Urban Trees: Implications\nfor Exposure Risk Mitigation across Developmental Stages","volume":"302","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2014.06.009","article-title":"The Secondary X-Ray\nFluorescence and Absorption near\nthe Interface of Multi-Material: Case of EDS Microanalysis","volume":"67","author":"Zoukel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-384905-2.00008-X","article-title":"Beneficial Elements","volume-title":"Marschner\u2019s\nMineral Nutrition of Higher Plants","author":"Broadley","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit57","volume-title":"Mineral Nutrition of\nHigher Plants","author":"Marschner","year":"2012"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092909075799300_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1021\/jf5058777","article-title":"Interactions\nbetween Cs, Sr, and Other Nutrients and Trace Element Accumulation\nin Amaranthus Shoot in Response to Variety Effect","volume":"63","author":"Chu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2014.10.005","article-title":"Inter-Varietal\nVariation in Caesium and Strontium Uptake by Plants: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"139","author":"Penrose","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.03.133","article-title":"Stress Acclimation\nand Particulate Matter Accumulation in Pinus Sylvestris Saplings Affected\nby Moderate Combinations of Urban Stressors","volume":"593\u2013594","author":"Hanslin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026092909075799300_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13152027","article-title":"Urban Air\nPollution and Plant Tolerance: Omics Responses to Ozone, Nitrogen\nOxides, and Particulate Matter","volume":"13","author":"Antenozio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909075799300_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3390\/plants4010112","article-title":"Cell Wall Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stress","volume":"4","author":"Le Gall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"2026092909075799300_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126548","article-title":"Uptake and Translocation of Microplastics from Sewage\nSludge by the Fern Pteris Vittata","volume":"391","author":"Marzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ.\nManage."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp;\nTechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c10086","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/38\/27178\/68551231\/acs.est.6c10086.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/60\/38\/27178\/68551231\/acs.est.6c10086.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:36:52Z","timestamp":1790689012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/60\/38\/27178\/5432436\/Urban-Green-Walls-under-Traffic-Stress-Linking-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6c10086","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]}}}