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Here, we demonstrate for the first time that atmospheric aqueous Maillard-like reactions constitute an important pathway for generating secondary organic products with OP. Six representative dicarbonyl-nitrogen reaction systems were designed to systematically investigate the formation kinetics, molecular characteristics, and photoaging evolution of the products generated from the Maillard-like reactions. All reactions systems generated measurable intrinsic OP, with the methylglyoxal-ethylamine system exhibiting the highest intrinsic OP (9.8 \u00b1 0.7 pmol\/min\/\u03bcg). The HULIS fraction was identified as the dominant contributor to OP, while molecular characterization further suggested that nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds within this fraction as important contributors to the observed OP. Photoaging further enhanced the intrinsic OP (3.8\u201342.3 pmol\/min\/\u03bcg) accompanied by an increased abundance of unsaturated chromophores with extended \u03c0-conjugation, which may facilitate electron transfer and redox cycling. These findings elucidate a mechanistic framework for understanding how Maillard-like reactions contribute to aerosol oxidative potential, thereby advancing our understanding of their potential health implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c12787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:01:36Z","timestamp":1791417696000},"page":"29540-29554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maillard-like\nReactions Generate Secondary Organic\nProducts with Oxidative Potential: Mechanisms and Photoaging Enhancement"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7450-0073","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qingcai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6490-387X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tong","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9055-970X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongchun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10082","key":"2026102007531239600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6","article-title":"Estimates\nand 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to\nambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden\nof Diseases Study 2015","volume":"389","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7569","key":"2026102007531239600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15371","article-title":"The contribution of outdoor air pollution\nsources to\npremature mortality on a global scale","volume":"525","author":"Lelieveld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026102007531239600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.052753","article-title":"Air pollution\nand incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in black women\nliving in Los Angeles","volume":"125","author":"Coogan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9919","key":"2026102007531239600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62158-3","article-title":"Effects of long-term exposure to\nair pollution on natural-cause mortality: an analysis of 22 European\ncohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project","volume":"383","author":"Beelen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026102007531239600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp1545","article-title":"Associations between\nambient fine particulate oxidative potential and cardiorespiratory\nemergency department visits","volume":"125","author":"Abrams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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