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Superimposed mining, smelting, and agricultural inputs create complex yet poorly studied environments. Using metagenomics, we profiled bacterial community assembly and life history strategies in a mercury (Hg)-enriched geological area with elevated co-occurring metal(loid)s. Bacterial composition, structure, and community assembly, as well as the abundances of metal resistance genes (MRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), were independent of Hg concentration. Instead, cadmium (Cd), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), soil organic matter (SOM), and available potassium (AK) were significantly associated with ARG\/MRG variation (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, elevated Cd intensified heterogeneous selection (HeS) while suppressing homogeneous selection (HoS) (p &amp;lt; 0.05). This shift also led communities enriched in \u201cnutrient recycling\u201d traits adopted a resource acquisition strategy together with competitor traits (MRGs and ARGs), and nitrogen metabolism. These traits likely reflect a strategy prioritizing resource use efficiency and nutrient competitiveness. Moreover, elevated Cd exacerbated the codissemination risks of resistance genes and pathogenicity (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Thus, Cd was more strongly associated than Hg with bacterial community and resistome variation in Hg-enriched geological soils, underscoring the need to consider co-occurring metal(loid)s when assessing ecological responses in high-background regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c13010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:02:03Z","timestamp":1790265723000},"page":"27660-27673","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the Dominant\nGeological Metal(loid): Co-Occurring\nMetal(loid)s Are Linked to Microbial Assembly and Resistomes in Mercury-Enriched\nSoils"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Yanqing","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming University of Science & Technology , , , ,","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China, 650500"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinting","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Xiamen, China, 361021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bang","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Xiamen, China, 361021"]},{"name":"CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun , , ,","place":["Ningbo, China, 315830"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming University of Science & Technology , , , ,","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China, 650500"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming University of Science & Technology , , , ,","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China, 650500"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoguo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Construction Engineering Group Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shupeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Construction Engineering Group Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2237-4711","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Quan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming University of Science & Technology , , , ,","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China, 650500"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0826-6423","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Xiamen, China, 361021"]},{"name":"CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun , , ,","place":["Ningbo, China, 315830"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3680-1451","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bo","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming University of Science & Technology , , , ,","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China, 650500"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"2026100609061844000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7256","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c11918","article-title":"Enrichment Mechanisms of Cadmium\nin Natural Manganese-Rich Nodules from Karst Soils","volume":"59","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. 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Pollut."},{"key":"2026100609061844000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2018.01.002","article-title":"Integrated\nstudy of Red Mediterranean soils from Southern Italy","volume":"168","author":"Vingiani","year":"2018","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100609061844000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1080\/00380768.2013.822301","article-title":"Red soils\nderived from\nlimestone contain higher amounts of trace elements than those derived\nfrom various other parent materials","volume":"59","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soil Sci.\nPlant Nutr."},{"key":"2026100609061844000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2026.141063","article-title":"Dramatic decoupling\nof nematode community responses to heavy metal pollution in high geological\nbackground soils","volume":"502","author":"Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hazard. 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