{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:30:22Z","timestamp":1788449422960,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L30 ES023165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L30 ES023165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15 ES022409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15 ES022409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 ES026412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 ES026412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mercury (Hg) isotopic signatures were characterized in polished rice samples from China, U.S., and Indonesia (n = 45). Hg isotopes were also analyzed in paired hair samples for participants from China (n = 21). For the latter, we also quantified the proportion of methylmercury intake through rice (range: 31\u2013100%), and the weekly servings of fish meals (range: 0\u20135.6 servings\/weekly). For these participants, 29% (n = 6) never ingested fish, 52% (n = 11) ingested fish &amp;lt; twice\/weekly, and 19% (n = 4) ingested fish \u2265 twice\/weekly. In rice and hair, both mass-dependent fractionation (MDF, reported as \u03b4202Hg) and mass-independent fractionation (MIF, reported as \u0394199Hg) of Hg isotopes were observed. Compared to rice, hair \u03b4202Hg values were enriched on average (\u00b11 standard deviation) by 1.9 \u00b1 0.61\u2030, although the range was wide (range: 0.45\u2030, 3.0\u2030). Hair \u0394199Hg was significantly inversely associated with %methylmercury intake from rice (Spearman\u2019s rho = \u22120.61, p &amp;lt; 0.01, n = 21), i.e., as the proportion of methylmercury intake from rice increased, MIF decreased. Additionally, hair \u0394199Hg was significantly higher for participants ingesting fish \u2265 twice\/weekly compared to those who did not ingest fish or ingested fish &amp;lt; twice\/weekly (ANOVA, p &amp;lt; 0.05, n = 21); Overall, results suggest that Hg isotopes (especially MIF) in human hair can be used to distinguish methylmercury intake from rice versus fish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b01039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]],"date-time":"2017-05-09T03:16:12Z","timestamp":1494299772000},"page":"6480-6488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Stable\nMercury Isotopes in Polished Rice (\n                    <i>Oryza sativa<\/i>\n                    L.)\nand Hair from Rice Consumers"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0021-7491","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Rothenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Carolina , , , , ;","place":["Columbia, South Carolina, United States, 29208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runsheng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Guiyang, China, 550002"]},{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2212Madison , , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706"]},{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2212Madison , , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2212Madison , , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706"]},{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2212Madison , , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Krabbenhoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey , 8505 Research Way , , ,","place":["Middleton, Wisconsin, United States, 53562"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyun","family":"Ismawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BaliFokus Foundation , Mandalawangi No. 5, Jalan Tukad Tegalwangi, Denpasar , ,","place":["Bali, Indonesia, 80223"]},{"name":"Medical Center of the University of Munich , , ,","place":["Munich, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Carolina , , , , ;","place":["Columbia, South Carolina, United States, 29208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Donohue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Carolina , , , , ;","place":["Columbia, South Carolina, United States, 29208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2026090202175093900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440600845619","article-title":"The toxicology of mercury\nand its chemical compounds","volume":"36","author":"Clarkson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"issue":"5849","key":"2026090202175093900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1148050","article-title":"Mass-dependent and -independent fractionation of Hg\nisotopes by photoreduction in aquatic systems","volume":"318","author":"Bergquist","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-earth-050212-124107","article-title":"Mercury isotopes in Earth and environmental\nsciences","volume":"42","author":"Blum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090202175093900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.024","article-title":"Mercury isotope\nfractionation during liquid-vapor evaporation experiments","volume":"73","author":"Estrade","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090202175093900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2008.11.038","article-title":"Mass dependent\nstable isotope fractionation\nof mercury during mer mediated microbial degradation of monomethylmercury","volume":"73","author":"Krittee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026090202175093900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9183","DOI":"10.1021\/es902206j","article-title":"Species-specific stable isotope fractionation\nof mercury during Hg(II) methylation by an anaerobic bacteria (Desulfobulbus propionicus) under dark conditions","volume":"43","author":"Rodriguez-Gonzalez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026090202175093900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2011.05.027","article-title":"A global\nmodel of mass independent mercury stable isotope fractionation","volume":"75","author":"Sonke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090202175093900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04413","article-title":"Isotopic composition of inorganic\nmercury and methylmercury\ndownstream of a historical gold mining region","volume":"50","author":"Donovan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090202175093900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1021\/es103053y","article-title":"Mercury\nisotopes link mercury in San Francisco Bay forage fish to surface\nsediments","volume":"45","author":"Gehrke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026090202175093900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7527","DOI":"10.1021\/es300794q","article-title":"Absence of fractionation of mercury\nisotopes during trophic transfer of methylmercury to freshwater fish\nin captivity","volume":"46","author":"Kwon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090202175093900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2313","article-title":"Application of mercury\nisotopes for tracing trophic transfer and internal distribution of\nmercury in marine fish feeding experiments","volume":"32","author":"Kwon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090202175093900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5902","DOI":"10.1021\/es204572g","article-title":"Higher Mass-independent\nisotope fractionation of methylmercury\nin the pelagic food web of Lake Baikal (Russia)","volume":"46","author":"Perrot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090202175093900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1039\/C5MT00286A","article-title":"Natural Hg\nisotopic composition of different Hg compounds in mammal tissues as\na proxy for in vivo breakdown of toxic methylmercury","volume":"8","author":"Perrot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090202175093900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1021\/es902361j","article-title":"Stable isotope (N, C, Hg) study of methylmercury sources\nand trophic transfer in the northern Gulf of Mexico","volume":"44","author":"Senn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"SI","key":"2026090202175093900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.09.038","article-title":"Mercury stable isotopes\nin sediments and largemouth\nbass from Florida lakes, USA","volume":"448","author":"Sherman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.12.100","article-title":"Using mercury\nisotopes to understand the bioaccumulation of Hg in\nthe subtropical Pearl River Estuary, South China","volume":"147","author":"Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090202175093900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8985","DOI":"10.1021\/es9019518","article-title":"Anomalous\nmercury isotopic compositions of fish and human hair in the Bolivian\nAmazon","volume":"43","author":"Laffont","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090202175093900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9910","DOI":"10.1021\/es202353m","article-title":"Hg speciation\nand stable isotope\nsignatures in human hair as a tracer for dietary and occupational\nexposure to mercury","volume":"45","author":"Laffont","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026090202175093900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8800","DOI":"10.1021\/es500340r","article-title":"Assessing sources of human methylmercury exposure using\nstable mercury isotopes","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090202175093900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1021\/es305250z","article-title":"New insight into biomarkers\nof human mercury exposure using naturally occurring mercury stable\nisotopes","volume":"47","author":"Sherman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.12.021","article-title":"Assessment of mercury\nexposure among small-scale gold miners using mercury stable isotopes","volume":"137","author":"Sherman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090202175093900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1021\/es071948x","article-title":"Human exposure to methylmercury through rice intake\nin mercury mining\nareas, Guizhou province, China","volume":"42","author":"Feng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.06.038","article-title":"Low-level\nmethylmercury exposure through rice ingestion in a cohort of pregnant\nmothers in rural China","volume":"150","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.03.001","article-title":"Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation:\na comprehensive review","volume":"133","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090202175093900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2016.07.014","article-title":"Maternal methylmercury\nexposure through rice ingestion and offspring neurodevelopment: a\nprospective cohort study","volume":"219","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ.\nHealth"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090202175093900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1001915","article-title":"In inland\nChina, rice, rather than fish is the major pathway for methylmercury\nexposure","volume":"118","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"87","key":"2026090202175093900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"000087","DOI":"10.12952\/journal.elementa.000087","article-title":"Investigation of Hg uptake and transport between\npaddy soil and rice seeds combining Hg isotopic composition and speciation","volume":"4","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elem. Sci. Anth."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090202175093900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1021\/es304302a","article-title":"Stable mercury\nisotope variation\nin rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) from the Wanshan\nmercury mining district, SW China","volume":"47","author":"Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.05.037","article-title":"Prenatal methylmercury exposure through maternal rice\ningestion: Insights from a feasibility pilot in Guizhou Province,\nChina","volume":"180","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.017","article-title":"Water management impacts rice methylmercury\nand the\nsoil microbiome","volume":"572","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.04.007","article-title":"A preliminary study on health effects\nin villagers exposed to mercury in a small-scale artisanal gold mining\narea in Indonesia","volume":"149","author":"Bose-O\u2019Reilly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"2026090202175093900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2005.02800.x","article-title":"Diversity of hair growth profiles","volume":"44","author":"Loussouarn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"222","key":"2026090202175093900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-222","article-title":"Assessment of dietary intake\namong\npregnant women in a rural area of western China","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit34","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).\n          \n          2007, www.epa.gov\/sites\/production\/files\/2015-12\/documents\/7473.pdf."},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit35","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).\n          \n          2002, https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/production\/files\/2015-08\/documents\/method_1631e_2002.pdf."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090202175093900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-9140(96)01964-9","article-title":"Simple solvent\nextraction technique for elimination of matrix interferences in the\ndetermination of methylmercury in environmental and biological samples\nby ethylation-gas chromatography-cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry","volume":"43","author":"Liang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit37","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).\n          \n          2001, www.gesamp.org\/data\/gesamp\/files\/file_element\/a0fb543065c7cbb316e83a54489c0ab2\/EPA_1630.pdf."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090202175093900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1039\/C6JA00107F","article-title":"Effects\nof mercury and thallium concentrations on high\nprecision determination of mercury isotope composition by Neptune\nPlus multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","volume":"31","author":"Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anal. At. Spectrom."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090202175093900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-007-1236-9","article-title":"Reporting\nof variations in the natural isotopic composition\nof mercury","volume":"388","author":"Blum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090202175093900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1021\/es202793c","article-title":"Investigation\nof local mercury deposition from a coal-fired power plant using mercury\nisotopes","volume":"46","author":"Sherman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026090202175093900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8077","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b00854","article-title":"Fractionation\nof mercury stable isotopes during microbial methylmercury production\nby iron- and sulfate-reducing bacteria","volume":"50","author":"Janssen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1021\/es5033376","article-title":"Identical Hg isotope mass dependent\nfractionation signature during methylation by sulfate-reducing bacteria\nin sulfate and sulfate-free environment","volume":"49","author":"Perrot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090202175093900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10957","DOI":"10.1021\/es3019836","article-title":"Sources\nand transfers of methylmercury in adjacent\nriver and forest food webs","volume":"46","author":"Tsui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.7b01039","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/51\/11\/6480\/67637928\/acs.est.7b01039.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/51\/11\/6480\/67637928\/acs.est.7b01039.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T06:18:01Z","timestamp":1788329881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/51\/11\/6480\/747028\/Stable-Mercury-Isotopes-in-Polished-Rice-Oryza"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.7b01039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]}}}