{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T07:21:06Z","timestamp":1790407266057,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008638","name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008638","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Province of Alberta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Increased delivery of mercury to ecosystems is a common consequence of industrialization, including in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) of Canada. Atmospheric mercury deposition has been studied previously in the AOSR; however, less is known about the impact of regional industry on toxic methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in lake ecosystems. We measured total mercury (THg) and MeHg concentrations for five years from 50 lakes throughout the AOSR. Mean lake water concentrations of THg (0.4\u20135.3 ng L\u20131) and MeHg (0.01\u20130.34 ng L\u20131) were similar to those of other boreal lakes and &amp;lt;5% of all samples exceeded Provincial water quality guidelines. Lakes with the highest THg concentrations were found &amp;gt;100 km northwest of oil sands mines and received runoff from geological formations high in metals concentrations. MeHg concentrations were highest in those lakes, and in smaller productive lakes closer to oil sands mines. Simulated annual average direct deposition of THg to sampled lakes using an atmospheric chemical transport model showed &amp;lt;2% of all mercury deposited to sampled lakes was emitted from oil sands activities. Consequently, spatial patterns of mercury in AOSR lakes were likely most influenced by watershed and lake conditions, though mercury concentrations in these lakes may be perturbed with future development and climatic change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b01680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T07:19:06Z","timestamp":1537341546000},"page":"10946-10955","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Total\nMercury and Methylmercury in Lake Water of Canada\u2019s\nOil Sands Region"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9511-9191","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Craig A.","family":"Emmerton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Environment and Parks , , , T5J 5C6,","place":["Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7417-5263","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Colin A.","family":"Cooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Environment and Parks , , , T5J 5C6,","place":["Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"]},{"name":"University of Alberta , , , T6G 2R3,","place":["Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory R.","family":"Wentworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Environment and Parks , , , T5J 5C6,","place":["Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Graydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta , , , T6G 2R3,","place":["Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Ryjkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada , , , H9P 1J3,","place":["Dorval, Quebec, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashu","family":"Dastoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada , , , H9P 1J3,","place":["Dorval, Quebec, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090215521969500_cit1","unstructured":"Shastri, A.; Mungai, M.; Ha\u0308rm, M.; Preegel, G.; Tarus, V.; Zubaviciute, A.\n          World Energy Resources Oil 2016; World Energy Council, 2016. URL: https:\/\/www.worldenergy.org\/publications\/2016\/world-energy-resources-2016\/."},{"key":"2026090215521969500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.110","article-title":"Source\napportionment of ambient fine\nand coarse particulate matter at the Fort Mackay community site, in\nthe Athabasca oil sands region, Alberta, Canada","volume":"584","author":"Landis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090215521969500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11931","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-11931-2010","article-title":"Characterization\nof trace gases measured over Alberta oil sands mining operations:\n76 speciated c-2-c-10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2, CH4,\nCO, NO, NO2, NOv, O-3 and SO2","volume":"10","author":"Simpson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem.\nPhys."},{"key":"2026090215521969500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.12.099","article-title":"Characterization\nand distribution of metal and nonmetal elements in the Alberta oil\nsands region of Canada","volume":"147","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026090215521969500_cit5","unstructured":"National Pollutant Release Inventory. URL: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/environment-climate-change\/services\/national-pollutant-release-inventory\/tools-resources-data.html."},{"key":"2026090215521969500_cit6","unstructured":"Canadian Mercury Science Assessment 2016. Chapter 9. Mercury cycling in ecosystems and the\nresponse to changes\nin anthropogenic emissions. Clean\nAir Regulatory Agenda, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Government\nof Canada, 2016; pp 437\u2013556."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090215521969500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1021\/es0157503","article-title":"Atmospheric\nmercury deposition during the last 270 years: A glacial ice core record\nof natural and anthropogenic sources","volume":"36","author":"Schuster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. 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Atmospheric processes, transport, levels,\nand trends,\nClean Air Regulatory Agenda, Environment and Climate Change Canada. Government of Canada, 2016; pp 135\u2013228."},{"key":"2026090215521969500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-097760-7.00016-0","article-title":"Mercury concentration and isotopic composition of epiphytic tree\nlichens in the Athabasca oil sands region","volume":"11","author":"Blum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev.\nEnviron. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090215521969500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-013-2979-6","article-title":"Relationship between\necological indicators (arcellacea), total mercury concentrations and\ngrain size in lakes within the Athabasca oil sands region, Alberta","volume":"72","author":"Neville","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026090215521969500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-1780-4_17","article-title":"Mass balance\nstudies of mercury and methyl mercury in small temperate\/boreal lakes\nof the northern hemisphere","volume-title":"Global and\nRegional Mercury Cycles: Sources, Fluxes and Mass Balances","author":"Watras","year":"1996"},{"issue":"42","key":"2026090215521969500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704186104","article-title":"Whole-ecosystem study\nshows rapid fish-mercury response to changes in mercury deposition","volume":"104","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. 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