{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:56:57Z","timestamp":1791986217899,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1149755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1149755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006961","name":"California Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006961","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21320102007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21320102007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21777137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21777137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Herbicide use has attracted attention recently due to potential damage to human health and lethality to the honey bees and other pollinators. Fenton reagent treatment processes can be applied for the degradation of herbicidal contaminants from water. However, the need to carry out the normal Fenton reactions under acidic conditions often hinders their practical application for pollution control. Herein, we report on the synthesis and application of multiphasic porous electro-Fenton catalysts prepared from calcinated metal\u2013organic framework compounds, CMOF@PCM, and their application for the mineralization of herbicides in aqueous solution at circum-neutral pH. CMOF nanoparticles (NPs) are anchored on porous carbon monolithic (PCM) substrates, which allow for binder-free application. H2O2 is electrochemically generated on the PCM substrate which serves as a cathode, while \u00b7OH is generated by the CMOF NPs at low applied potentials (\u22120.14 V). Results show that the structure and reactivity of the CMOF@PCM electro-Fenton catalysts are dependent on the specific MOF precursor used during synthesis. For example, CMIL-88-NH2, which is prepared from MIL-88(Fe)\u2013NH2, is a porous core\u2013shell structured NP comprised of a cementite (Fe3C) intermediate layer that is sandwiched between a graphitic shell and a magnetite (Fe3O4) core. The electro-Fenton production of hydroxyl radical on the CMOF@PCM composite material is shown to effectively degrade an array of herbicides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b01143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T10:45:10Z","timestamp":1557485110000},"page":"6474-6482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Multiphase\nPorous Electrochemical Catalysts Derived\nfrom Iron-Based Metal\u2013Organic Framework Compounds"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2109-8196","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kai","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]},{"name":"California Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Pasadena, California, United States, 91126"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1173-892X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Pasadena, California, United States, 91126"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090120494064200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.06.006","article-title":"Glyphosate\nand AMPA, \u201cpseudo-persistent\u201d pollutants under real\nworld agricultural management practices in the Mesopotamic Pampas\nagroecosystem, Argentina","volume":"229","author":"Primost","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090120494064200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)70134-8","article-title":"Carcinogenicity of tetrachlorvinphos,\nparathion, malathion, diazinon, and glyphosate","volume":"16","author":"Guyton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"2026090120494064200_cit3","unstructured":"Hiar, C.\n          \n          Under fire by\nU.S. politicians, World Health Organization defends its claim that\nan herbicide causes cancer.\n          https:\/\/www.eenews.net\/eedaily\/2018\/02\/07\/stories\/1060073069 (July 05, 2018)."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090120494064200_cit4","first-page":"178","article-title":"How herbicides affect honey bees","volume":"115","author":"Moffett","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. Bee J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090120494064200_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9754","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009754","article-title":"High levels of miticides and agrochemicals\nin North American apiaries: implications for honey bee health","volume":"5","author":"Mullin","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090120494064200_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3169","article-title":"Effects of the herbicide dicamba on nontarget plants\nand pollinator visitation","volume":"35","author":"Bohnenblust","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol.\nChem."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026090120494064200_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.117291","article-title":"Effects of sublethal doses of glyphosate on honeybee\nnavigation","volume":"218","author":"Balbuena","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090120494064200_cit8","first-page":"1544","article-title":"Toxicities\nof some herbicides to six species of freshwater crustaceans","volume":"42","author":"Sanders","year":"1970","journal-title":"Water Pollution Control Federation."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026090120494064200_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1021\/es0103391","article-title":"Degradation\nof herbicide 4-chlorophenoxyacetic\nacid by advanced electrochemical oxidation methods","volume":"36","author":"Boye","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090120494064200_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813160-2.00014-6","article-title":"Application of\nelectrochemical processes\nfor treating effluents from hydrocarbon industries","volume-title":"Electrochemical water and wastewater treatment","author":"Medel","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026090120494064200_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813160-2.00007-9","article-title":"Indirect\nelectrochemical oxidation by using ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and ferrate","volume-title":"Electrochemical water and wastewater treatment","author":"Sa\u0301ez","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090120494064200_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(98)00330-3","article-title":"Degradation\nof selected pesticide active ingredients\nand commercial formulations in water by the photo-assisted Fenton\nreaction","volume":"33","author":"Huston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"25","key":"2026090120494064200_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2004.05.006","article-title":"Electrochemical\ndestruction of chlorophenoxy herbicides by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton\nusing a boron-doped diamond electrode","volume":"49","author":"Brillas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Electrochim.\nActa"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090120494064200_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1021\/es505679e","article-title":"Carbon nanotube\nmembrane stack for flow-through sequential regenerative electro-Fenton","volume":"49","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026090120494064200_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13528","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03147","article-title":"Efficient mineralization\nof perfluorooctanoate by electro-Fenton\nwith H2O2 electro-generated on hierarchically\nporous carbon","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090120494064200_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6570","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900136g","article-title":"Electro-Fenton process and related\nelectrochemical technologies based on Fenton\u2019s reaction chemistry","volume":"109","author":"Brillas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026090120494064200_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813160-2.00008-0","article-title":"Electro-Fenton\nprocess: Background, new developments, and applications","volume-title":"Electrochemical Water and Wastewater Treatment","author":"Oturan","year":"2018"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026090120494064200_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12667","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b03916","article-title":"Degradation\nand Mineralization of Carbamazepine Using an Electro-Fenton Reaction\nCatalyzed by Magnetite Nanoparticles Fixed on an Electrocatalytic\nCarbon Fiber Textile Cathode","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"6361","key":"2026090120494064200_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6245","article-title":"MOF-derived cobalt nanoparticles\ncatalyze a general synthesis of amines","volume":"358","author":"Jagadeesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090120494064200_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01139044","article-title":"Organic\naerogels from the polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde","volume":"24","author":"Pekala","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090120494064200_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1021\/cg900884d","article-title":"Fast microwave\nsynthesis of a microporous lanthanide organic framework","volume":"10","author":"Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cryst. 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Surf.\nSci."},{"issue":"30","key":"2026090120494064200_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15529","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA03179F","article-title":"Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis\nof graphene oxide and Fe3O4-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites\nfor sensitive detection of nitrite","volume":"3","author":"Bharath","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater.\nChem. A"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090120494064200_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4072","DOI":"10.1021\/ja300038p","article-title":"Mesoporous\nnitrogen-doped carbon for the electrocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen\nperoxide","volume":"134","author":"Fellinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. 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Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090120494064200_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-018-0127-0","article-title":"A universal principle\nfor a rational design of single-atom electrocatalysts","volume":"1","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090120494064200_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.153.673","article-title":"s-d interaction in transition metals","volume":"153","author":"Heine","year":"1967","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090120494064200_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.3390\/en20400873","article-title":"Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides as Electrode\nMaterials for Low Temperature Fuel Cells","volume":"2","author":"Ham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"4099","key":"2026090120494064200_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181.4099.547","article-title":"Platinum-like behavior\nof tungsten carbide in surface\ncatalysis","volume":"181","author":"Levy","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090120494064200_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b01154","article-title":"Computational Design\nof Strain in Core-Shell Nanoparticles\nfor Optimizing Catalytic Activity","volume":"15","author":"Moseley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Lett."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.9b01143","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/53\/11\/6474\/67569507\/acs.est.9b01143.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/53\/11\/6474\/67569507\/acs.est.9b01143.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:49:49Z","timestamp":1788310189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/53\/11\/6474\/1383863\/Multiphase-Porous-Electrochemical-Catalysts"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.9b01143","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]}}}