{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:16:28Z","timestamp":1788286588789,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010687","name":"H2020 Euratom","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["661880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["661880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the multibarrier concept for the deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW), bentonite is proposed as a potential barrier and buffer material for sealing the space between the steel canister containing the HLW and the surrounding host rock. In order to broaden the spectra of appropriate bentonites, we investigated the metabolic activity and diversity of naturally occurring microorganisms as well as their time-dependent evolution within the industrial B25 Bavarian bentonite under repository-relevant conditions. We conducted anaerobic microcosm experiments containing the B25 bentonite and a synthetic Opalinus Clay pore water solution, which were incubated for one year at 30 and 60 \u00b0C. Metabolic activity was only stimulated by the addition of lactate, acetate, or H2. The majority of lactate- and H2-containing microcosms at 30 \u00b0C were dominated by strictly anaerobic, sulfate-reducing, and spore-forming microorganisms. The subsequent generation of hydrogen sulfide led to the formation of iron\u2013sulfur precipitations. Independent from the availability of substrates, thermophilic bacteria dominated microcosms that were incubated at 60 \u00b0C. However, in the respective microcosms, no significant metabolic activity occurred, and there was no change in the analyzed biogeochemical parameters. Our findings show that indigenous microorganisms of B25 bentonite evolve in a temperature- and substrate-dependent manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b02670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T14:22:47Z","timestamp":1564669367000},"page":"10514-10524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The\nYear-Long Development of Microorganisms in Uncompacted\nBavarian Bentonite Slurries at 30 and 60 \u00b0C"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5038-0273","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole","family":"Matschiavelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , , Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400 , ,","place":["Dresden, Germany, 01328"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindy","family":"Kluge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , , Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400 , ,","place":["Dresden, Germany, 01328"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Podlech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Greifswald , , Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Stra\u00dfe 17a , ,","place":["Greifswald, Germany, 17487"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Standhaft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Greifswald , , Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Stra\u00dfe 17a , ,","place":["Greifswald, Germany, 17487"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Grathoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Greifswald , , Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Stra\u00dfe 17a , ,","place":["Greifswald, Germany, 17487"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3380-5211","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Ikeda-Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , , Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400 , ,","place":["Dresden, Germany, 01328"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence N.","family":"Warr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Greifswald , , Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Stra\u00dfe 17a , ,","place":["Greifswald, Germany, 17487"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Chukharkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Analytics Sweden AB , Mo\u0308lnlycke Fabriker 9 , ,","place":["Mo\u0308lnlycke, Sweden, 43535"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thuro","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , , Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400 , ,","place":["Dresden, Germany, 01328"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3908-2539","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cherkouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , , Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400 , ,","place":["Dresden, Germany, 01328"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit1","unstructured":"The Environmental\nand Ethical Basis of Geological Disposal of Long-Lived\nRadioactive Wastes; OECD NEA, 1995."},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.4236\/ns.2012.431118","article-title":"Optimal\nWays of\nDisposal of Highly Radioactive Waste","volume":"4","author":"Pusch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090113463680400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1346\/CCMN.2013.0610601","article-title":"The Use of Clay\nas an Engineered Barrier in Radioactive-Waste\nManagement \u2013 A Review","volume":"61","author":"Sellin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clays Clay Miner."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090113463680400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1346\/CCMN.2010.0580103","article-title":"Water-Uptake Capacity of Bentonites","volume":"58","author":"Kaufhold","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clays Clay Miner."},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1180\/claymin.1992.027.3.08","article-title":"Use of Bentonite\nfor Isolation of Radioactive Waste Products","volume":"27","author":"Pusch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clay Miner."},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2113\/gselements.8.2.113","article-title":"Clay-Microbe\nInteractions and Implications for Environmental Mitigation","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Elements"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090113463680400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1180\/claymin.2016.051.2.14","article-title":"Distinguishing between More and Less\nSuitable Bentonites\nfor Storage of High-Level Radioactive Waste","volume":"51","author":"Kaufhold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clay Miner."},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit8","unstructured":"Eriksson, P.\n          \n          Compaction\nProperties of Bentonite Clay; SKB Technol. Rep. TR-16-16, Svensk Ka\u0308rnbra\u0308nslehantering AB, 2017; pp 1\u201339."},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1180\/claymin.2017.052.2.05","article-title":"Clay Minerals\nInteraction with Microorganisms: A Review","volume":"52","author":"Cuadros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clay\nMiner."},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093245","article-title":"Role of\nMicrobes in the Smectite-to-Illite Reaction","volume":"303","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science (Washington, DC, U. 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Rev."},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-4860(02)80035-3","article-title":"Microbial Interactions\nwith Metals\/radionuclides: The Basis of Bioremediation","volume-title":"Interactions of Microorganisms with Radionuclides","author":"Gadd","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1892","article-title":"The Ecology and\nBiotechnology of Sulphate-Reducing\nBacteria","volume":"6","author":"Muyzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00268","article-title":"The Role of Acetogens\nin Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Steel","volume":"5","author":"Mand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. 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Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit21","author":"Stroes-Gascoyne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Role of Highly Compacted\nBentonite in Localized Suppression of Microbial Activity in a Nuclear\nFuel Waste Repository"},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2017.07.003","article-title":"Mobility and\nReactivity of Sulphide in Bentonite Clays\n\u2013 Implications for Engineered Bentonite Barriers in Geological\nRepositories for Radioactive Wastes","volume":"146","author":"Pedersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Clay\nSci."},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"2026090113463680400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pce.2011.07.085","article-title":"Limits to the Use of Highly Compacted\nBentonite as a Deterrent for Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion\nin a Nuclear Fuel Waste Repository","volume":"36","author":"Stroes-Gascoyne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. 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Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090113463680400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2011.03.007","article-title":"Biogeochemical\nProcesses in a Clay Formation in Situ Experiment: Part D - Microbial\nAnalyses - Synthesis of Results","volume":"26","author":"Stroes-Gascoyne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090113463680400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00722","article-title":"Bacterial Diversity\nand Production of Sulfide in Microcosms Containing Uncompacted Bentonites","volume":"4","author":"Grigoryan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-015-0630-7","article-title":"Bacterial Diversity\nin Bentonites, Engineered Barrier for Deep Geological Disposal of\nRadioactive Wastes","volume":"70","author":"Lopez-Fernandez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb. 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Geochem."},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selenska-Pobell, S.\n          \n          Direct and Simultaneous\nExtraction\nof DNA and RNA from Soil.  Molecular Microbial\nEcology Manual; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 1995; p 131.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-0351-0_11"},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1986.051.01.032","article-title":"Specific Enzymatic\nAmplification of DNA in Vitro: The\nPolymerase Chain Reaction","volume":"51","author":"Mullis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor\nSymp. Quant. Biol."},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000080107","article-title":"Global Patterns\nof 16S rRNA Diversity at a Depth of Millions of Sequences per Sample","volume":"108","author":"Caporaso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"2026090113463680400_cit39","unstructured":"RTLGenomics. http:\/\/rtlgenomics.com\/."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090113463680400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1346\/CCMN.2005.0530606","article-title":"Experimental\nStudy of Smectite Interaction with Metal\nFe at Low Temperature: 1. Smectite Destabilization","volume":"53","author":"Lantenois","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clays Clay Miner."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090113463680400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.9.4252-4254.1999","article-title":"Role of\nHumic-Bound Iron as an Electron Transfer Agent\nin Dissimilatory Fe(III) Reduction","volume":"65","author":"Lovley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. 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