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In the first step, the VOC observations were used to optimize the magnitude and distribution of atmospheric ethane and higher-alkane VOC emissions in the model inventory for the base year 2009. Observation-based increases of the emissions of VOCs and NOx stemming from U.S. oil and natural gas (O&amp;NG) sources during 2009\u20132014 were then added to the model, and a set of sensitivity runs was conducted for assessing the influence of the increased emissions on summer surface ozone levels. For the year 2014, the added O&amp;NG emissions are predicted to affect surface ozone across a large geographical scale in the United States. These emissions are responsible for an increased number of days when the averaged 8-h ozone values exceed 70 ppb, with the highest sensitivity being in the central and midwestern United States, where most of the O&amp;NG growth has occurred. These findings demonstrate that O&amp;NG emissions significantly affect the air quality across most of the United States, can regionally offset reductions of ozone precursor emissions made in other sectors, and can have a determining influence on a region\u2019s ability to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) obligations for ozone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b06983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T09:48:25Z","timestamp":1599644905000},"page":"12423-12433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Impact\nof U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Emission Increases\non Surface Ozone Is Most Pronounced in the Central United States"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Pozzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1 , ,","place":["Mainz, Germany, 55128"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin G.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschungszentrum Ju\u0308lich GmbH , , Wilhelm-Johnen-Street , ,","place":["Ju\u0308lich, Germany, 52425"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detlev","family":"Helmig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado , , , ,","place":["Boulder, Colorado, United States, 80305"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090206120131600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EM00081A","article-title":"Air quality\nconcerns of unconventional\noil and natural gas production","volume":"16","author":"Field","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. 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