{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:48:33Z","timestamp":1790750913911,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007681","name":"Florida International University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000082","name":"Division of Graduate Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE-1610348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-1610348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000082","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Domoic acid (DA), a potent marine toxin, is readily oxidized upon reaction with singlet oxygen (1O2). Detailed product studies revealed that the major singlet oxygenation reaction pathways were the [2 + 2] cycloaddition (60.2%) and ene reactions (39.8%) occurring at the Z double bond. Diene isomerization and [4 + 2] cycloaddition, common for conjugated diene systems, were not observed during the singlet oxygenation of DA. The bimolecular rate constant for the DA reaction with 1O2 determined by competition kinetics was 5.1 \u00d7 105 M\u20131 s\u20131. Based on the rate constant and steady-state concentrations of 1O2 in surface waters, the environmental half-life of DA due to singlet oxygen-induced transformations is between 5 and 63 days. The 1O2 reaction product mixture of DA did not exhibit significant biological activity based on ELISA studies, indicating that singlet oxygenation could be an important natural detoxification process. The characteristic oxidation products can provide valuable markers for the risk assessment of DA-contaminated natural waters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b07380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T15:32:26Z","timestamp":1587137546000},"page":"6073-6081","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Fundamental\nStudies of the Singlet Oxygen\nReactions with the Potent Marine Toxin\nDomoic Acid"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Marcela","family":"Jaramillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University , , 11200 SW 8th Street , , ,","place":["Miami, Florida, United States, 33199"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Joens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University , , 11200 SW 8th Street , , ,","place":["Miami, Florida, United States, 33199"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9695-4321","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kevin E.","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University , , 11200 SW 8th Street , , ,","place":["Miami, Florida, United States, 33199"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081418182975900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18651-w","article-title":"Six Domoic Acid Related Compounds\nfrom the Red Alga, Chondria armata,\nand Domoic Acid Biosynthesis by\nthe Diatom, Pseudo-Nitzschia Multiseries","volume":"8","author":"Maeno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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