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However, conventional synthetic methods often provide limited control over particle size, morphology, and polydispersity. Herein, we report a bottom-up strategy for synthesizing hollow rare-earth silicate nanospheres based on the Kirkendall effect. The addition of an optimized amount of 1-propanol to the reaction medium altered the dielectric constant and surface tension, thereby increasing the nucleation rate and reducing the precursor size. During high-temperature treatment, unequal interdiffusion of rare-earth and silicon atoms across the phase interface induced the Kirkendall effect and generated internal voids approximately 50 nm in size for drug loading. DOX-loaded nanospheres exhibited acid-responsive release and cytotoxicity, whereas RB-loaded nanospheres generated singlet oxygen under X-ray irradiation and induced cell death. These findings demonstrate the potential of hollow rare-earth silicate nanospheres as platforms for drug delivery and X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.6c02872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T02:01:15Z","timestamp":1789696875000},"page":"22418-22429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Kirkendall\nEffect-Driven Construction of Hollow Rare-Earth\nSilicate Nanospheres for Drug Loading"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Weijun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518107"]},{"name":"Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350002"]},{"name":"Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials , , ,","place":["Xiamen, China, 361021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1020-4053","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rui","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , , 600 Tianhe Road , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510630"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8916-0742","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xujiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200240"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5619-2238","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518107"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3809-0737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wanwan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200240"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1246-991X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510275"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5997-780X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiuping","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518107"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092809224673400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202414625","article-title":"D-Band-Center-Engineered Platinum-Based\nNanozyme for Personalized Pharmacovigilance","volume":"64","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. 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