{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T14:27:41Z","timestamp":1786804061456,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"45","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604275200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604275200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604275200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 2018YFC0311203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2018YFC0311203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA), a common chronic disease, is characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and inflammation. Recent studies report that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exhibit protective effects against OA, while n-6 PUFAs are more likely to damage cartilage. However, the effects of edible oils with different n-6\/n-3 PUFA ratios on OA are rarely reported. This study investigates the effect of linseed oil (LO), soybean oil (SO), and peanut oil (PO) on cartilage changes in mice joints following destabilization of the medial meniscus. We determined the n-6\/n-3 PUFA ratios of LO, SO, and PO used in this experiment to be 1:3.85, 9.15:1, and 372.73:1, respectively. After 12 weeks of LO or SO feeding, OA mice showed increased cartilage thickness and decreased TNF-\u03b1 in both the serum and cartilage, whereas no improvement was found in the PO group. This may be due to the fact that LO and SO optimized the fatty acid composition of articular cartilage. We further demonstrated that LO or SO activated GPR120 and attenuated EP4, which was followed by inhibition of the NF\u03baB pathway and its downstream matrix-degrading enzymes: MMP13 and ADAMTS5. In conclusion, edible oils with low n-6\/n-3 PUFA retard OA progression via inhibiting the NF\u03baB pathway. This study provides a dietary guidance for OA patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c05240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T13:47:25Z","timestamp":1604324845000},"page":"12641-12650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effects of Edible Oils with Different n\u20116\/n\u20113\nPUFA Ratios on Articular Cartilage Degeneration via Regulating the\nNF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean University of China , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean University of China , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean University of China , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean University of China , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean University of China , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3581-6184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean University of China , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)30417-9","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"393","author":"Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2016.10.006","article-title":"Effect of crosslinking\nin cartilage-like collagen microstructures","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.11.050","article-title":"An in vitro\nmodel for the pathological\ndegradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis","volume":"47","author":"Grenier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116786","article-title":"The role\nof matrix metalloproteinases\nin osteoarthritis pathogenesis: An updated review","volume":"234","author":"Mehana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.02.791","article-title":"ADAMTS and ADAM metalloproteinases\nin osteoarthritis\ue5f8looking beyond the \u2018usual suspects\u2019","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030511","article-title":"Moderate Physical Activity as a Prevention\nMethod for Knee Osteoarthritis and the Role of Synoviocytes as Biological\nKey","volume":"20","author":"Castrogiovanni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.221","article-title":"Relationship of\nage and body mass index to the expression of obesity and osteoarthritis-related\ngenes in human meniscus","volume":"37","author":"Rai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk4010011","article-title":"The Synovium Theory:\nCan Exercise\nPrevent Knee Osteoarthritis? The Role of \u201cMechanokines\u201d,\nA Possible Biological Key","volume":"4","author":"Rosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Funct. Morphol.\nKinesiol."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201801_14197","article-title":"Study the\nrelevance between inflammatory\nfactors and estradiol and their association with knee osteoarthritis\nin postmenopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol.\nSci."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2018.10.002","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokines:\nThe link between obesity and osteoarthritis","volume":"44","author":"X","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr16039487","article-title":"Improvement\nin orthopedic\noutcome score and reduction in IL-1\u03b2, CXCL13, and TNF-\u03b1\nin synovial fluid of osteoarthritis patients following arthroscopic\nknee surgery","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. 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Pharmacother."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1159\/000492701","article-title":"The Protective Effect\nof Ligustilide in Osteoarthritis: An in Vitro and in Vivo Study","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-019-00660-1","article-title":"Safety of Oral Non-Selective Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory\nDrugs in Osteoarthritis: What Does the Literature Say?","volume":"36","author":"Cooper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2013.05.006","article-title":"Effects of\ndietary extra-virgin olive oil on oxidative stress resulting from\nexhaustive exercise in rat skeletal muscle: A morphological study","volume":"116","author":"Musumeci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.07.007","article-title":"Extra-virgin\nolive oil diet and mild physical activity\nprevent cartilage degeneration in an osteoarthritis model: an in vivo\nand in vitro study on lubricin expression","volume":"24","author":"Musumeci","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\nNutr. 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Res."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3535","article-title":"Linseed\noil: an investigation of\nits antiarthritic activity in experimental models","volume":"26","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21184-5","article-title":"Early Changes\nof Articular Cartilage\nand Subchondral Bone in The DMM Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis","volume":"8","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23010","article-title":"OARSI osteoarthritis\ncartilage histopathology assessment\nsystem: A biomechanical evaluation in the human knee","volume":"34","author":"Waldstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2018.08.023","article-title":"Cartilage\ndegradation in osteoarthritis: A process of osteochondral remodeling\nresembles the endochondral ossification in growth plate?","volume":"121","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0938-3","article-title":"Combined detection\nof COMP and CS846 biomarkers in experimental rat osteoarthritis: a\npotential approach for assessment and diagnosis of osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.11.002","article-title":"Omega-3\npolyunsaturated fatty acids\nprotect human hepatoma cells from developing steatosis through FFA4\n(GPR120)","volume":"1863","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Mol. Cell\nBiol. Lipids"},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.07.008","article-title":"Prostaglandin\nE2-induced inflammation: Relevance of prostaglandin E receptors","volume":"1851","author":"Kawahara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Mol. Cell Biol. 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Endocrinol."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.11.004","article-title":"Regulation of mechanical\nstress-induced MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 expression by RUNX-2 transcriptional\nfactor in SW1353 chondrocyte-like cells","volume":"19","author":"Tetsunaga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthr.\nCartil."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit39","first-page":"4","article-title":"Epidemiology\nof osteoarthritis: current concepts and new insights","volume":"27","author":"Hochberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol., Suppl."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/bor.0000000000000479","article-title":"Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: literature update","volume":"30","author":"Vina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. 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Sci."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.11.024","article-title":"Leptin, from\nfat to inflammation: old questions and new insights","volume":"579","author":"Otero","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-0062-x","article-title":"Effects\nof Dairy Products Consumption on Health: Benefits and Beliefs\ue5f8A\nCommentary from the Belgian Bone Club and the European Society for\nClinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and\nMusculoskeletal Diseases","volume":"98","author":"Rozenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-14-9","article-title":"Prospective\ndouble-blind randomized study on the efficacy and safety of an n-3\nfatty acid enriched intravenous fat emulsion in postsurgical gastric\nand colorectal cancer patients","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit45","first-page":"138","article-title":"The role of omega-3 fatty acids contained in olive\noil on chronic inflammation","volume":"43","author":"Wardhana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Med. Indones."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16072","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.72","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"2","author":"Martel-Pelletier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22203\/ecm.v011a01","article-title":"The involvement of\naggrecan polymorphism in degeneration\nof human intervertebral disc and articular cartilage","volume":"11","author":"Roughley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Cells Mater."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.5606\/archrheumatol.2017.6220","article-title":"Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Levels in Synovial Fluid in Patients\nWith Primary Knee Osteoarthritis And Healthy Controls: A Preliminary\nComparative Analysis With Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein","volume":"32","author":"Arellano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Rheumatol."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23786","article-title":"Impact\nof Exercise Therapy on Molecular\nBiomarkers Related to Cartilage and Inflammation in Individuals at\nRisk of, or With Established, Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review\nand Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"71","author":"Bricca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.136","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation as a key mediator\nof the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat.\nRev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.07.011","article-title":"Treatment with TNF-\u03b1 inhibitor\ninfliximab might\nreduce hand osteoarthritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Gu\u0308ler-Yu\u0308ksel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-2003-y","article-title":"Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is more\neffective in suppressing cytokine-induced catabolism in cartilage-synovium\nco-culture than in cartilage monoculture","volume":"21","author":"Mehta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis\nRes. Ther."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.112.007179","article-title":"International Union\nof Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.\nLXXXVIII. G protein-coupled receptor list: recommendations for new\npairings with cognate ligands","volume":"65","author":"Davenport","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.07.041","article-title":"GPR120\nis an omega-3 fatty acid receptor mediating potent anti-inflammatory\nand insulin-sensitizing effects","volume":"142","author":"Oh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4033","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1880","article-title":"Diets Containing\n\u03b1-Linolenic\n(\u03c93) or Oleic (\u03c99) Fatty Acids Rescues Obese Mice From\nInsulin Resistance","volume":"156","author":"Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026081505063578100_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1660-6","article-title":"GPR120\nis an important inflammatory regulator in the development of osteoarthritis","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. 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