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The peptides identified by LC\u2013MS\/MS were GPFN, LGGP, AGLP, and TAFP, among which GPFN had the highest activity (IC50 of 324.44 \u00b1 8.93 \u03bcM). GPFN exhibits gastrointestinal enzyme hydrolysis resistance. Furthermore, after 2 h of incubation, GPFN could permeate Caco-2 cell monolayers through the paracellular route by passive diffusion. Molecular docking revealed that GPFN could stably bind to ACE (binding energy of \u22128.88 kcal\/mol). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation indicated that the ACE\u2013GPFN complex had good stability. Network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking demonstrated strong interactions between GPFN and key targets, such as CASP3, MMP9, SRC, APP, ACE, and MMP2. GPFN might have the potential activity to improve HFpEF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c01994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T23:40:18Z","timestamp":1753918818000},"page":"20149-20162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide Derived\nfrom Ultrafine\n                    <i>Lycium barbarum<\/i>\n                    Pomace\nPowder:\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>In Silico<\/i>\n                    Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Medical University , , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]},{"name":"Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Medical University , , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]},{"name":"Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Medical University , , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]},{"name":"Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Medical University , , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]},{"name":"Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]},{"name":"Ningxia Medical University , , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Medical University , , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]},{"name":"Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8332-5526","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Medical University , , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]},{"name":"Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control , ,","place":["Yinchuan, China, 750004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2026093015080558700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.65","article-title":"Epidemiology\nof Heart Failure with\nPreserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"14","author":"Dunlay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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