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We isolated a highly efficient THX-degrading strain, Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans GY-1, from contaminated agricultural soil. Under response surface-optimized conditions, GY-1 achieved an unprecedented THX degradation rate of 2.08 mg\u00b7L\u20131\u00b7h\u20131, the highest reported for a microorganism to our knowledge. Transcriptomics, enzyme assays, and carbon-source profiling showed that strain GY-1 suppresses glycolysis and reprograms central metabolism when THX is used as the sole nitrogen source. Q-TOF MS and 1D\/2D NMR analyses unequivocally determined the structures of two purified intermediates, THX-1 and THX-2, providing direct structural evidence for nitro-reduction and deimination during THX biodegradation. On the basis of these confirmed intermediates, we proposed a nitro-reductive bacterial transformation pathway. This work reveals a microbial adaptation mechanism and provides a potent biocatalyst for the eco-friendly remediation of THX-contaminated environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c14245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T14:03:23Z","timestamp":1784210603000},"page":"22483-22496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid Thiamethoxam\nBiodegradation by\n                    <i>Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans<\/i>\n                    GY-1: Mechanistic\nInsights and Nitro-Reductive Pathway Elucidation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0186-7274","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ziqing","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Dalian, China, 116034"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuya","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Dalian, China, 116034"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Dalian, China, 116034"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tarim University , , ,","place":["Alar, China, 843300"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1871-4648","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chuanjin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Dalian, China, 116034"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0824-2250","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianqiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072910065782000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2025.106702","article-title":"Target identification and mechanism of action of the neonicotinoid\nCycloxaprid","volume":"215","author":"Qiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pestic. 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