{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T12:41:10Z","timestamp":1786538470558,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010203","name":"Agriculture Research System of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-34"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Salt and heat stresses often occur simultaneously in arid regions, restricting the distribution and productivity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). However, the mechanisms underlying alfalfa responses to combined salt and heat stress remain unclear. Here, we integrated phenotypic, physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses to investigate the regulatory mechanisms involved in combined stress responses. Combined stress more strongly inhibited plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate than single stresses. Salt stress had a predominant effect on several agronomic and physiological traits, whereas heat stress mainly affected chloroplast ultrastructure. Multiomics analysis identified flavonoid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis as key pathways associated with combined stress responses. Moreover, CHS, CHR, P5CS, and LOX genes expression was closely correlated with metabolites such as naringenin, naringenin chalcone, and proline. These findings provide insights into alfalfa adaptation to multiple abiotic stresses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c17997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:33:19Z","timestamp":1785853999000},"page":"24702-24716","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Physiological,\nTranscriptomic, and Metabolomic\nAnalyses Reveal the Mechanism Underlying the Response of Alfalfa to\nCombined Salt and Heat Stress"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Lihe","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shihezi University , , ,","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, 832000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongcheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shihezi University , , ,","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, 832000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shihezi University , , ,","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, 832000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shihezi University , , ,","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, 832000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shihezi University , , ,","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, 832000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaorong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shihezi University , , ,","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, 832000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shihezi University , , ,","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, 832000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuzhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shihezi University , , ,","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, 832000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanfan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shihezi University , , ,","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, 832000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongzheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shihezi University , , ,","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, 832000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7129-4831","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chunhui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shihezi University , , ,","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, 832000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026081208092797500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.13599","article-title":"Designing\nSalt Stress-Resilient Crops: Current Progress and Future Challenges","volume":"66","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081208092797500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2023.09.013","article-title":"The Molecular\nBasis of Heat Stress Responses in Plants","volume":"16","author":"Kan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol.\nPlant"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081208092797500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2021.02.011","article-title":"Global Warming, Climate Change, and\nEnvironmental Pollution: Recipe for a Multifactorial Stress Combination\nDisaster","volume":"26","author":"Zandalinas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081208092797500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15483","article-title":"Developing\nClimate-Resilient Crops: Improving Plant Tolerance to Stress Combination","volume":"109","author":"Rivero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2022.111455","article-title":"Comparison of Morphological,\nPhysiological, and Related-Gene Expression Responses to Saline-Alkali\nStress in Eight Apple Rootstock Genotypes","volume":"306","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci.\nHortic."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2021.114498","article-title":"Comparative\nAnalysis of Drought-Responsive Physiological\nand Transcriptome in Broomcorn Millet (Panicum Miliaceum L.) Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance","volume":"177","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2015.05.006","article-title":"Screening and Validation\nof Tomato\nGenotypes under Heat Stress Using Fv\/Fm to Reveal the Physiological\nMechanism of Heat Tolerance","volume":"118","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081208092797500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16580","article-title":"Synergistic\nRegulation\nat Physiological, Transcriptional and Metabolic Levels in Tomato Plants\nSubjected to a Combination of Salt and Heat Stress","volume":"117","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081208092797500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiad114","article-title":"Differential Transpiration\nbetween Pods and Leaves During Stress Combination in Soybean","volume":"192","author":"Sinha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081208092797500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12040774","article-title":"Differential\nEffect of Heat Stress on Drought and Salt Tolerance Potential of Quinoa\nGenotypes: A Physiological and Biochemical Investigation","volume":"12","author":"Abbas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081208092797500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11030478","article-title":"Impact of\nCombined Heat and Salt Stresses on Tomato Plants-Insights into Nutrient\nUptake and Redox Homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Sousa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026081208092797500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14162479","article-title":"Effects\nof Combined Salt and Heat Stress on Agronomic Traits, Photosynthetic\nParameters, and Physiological Biochemistry in Six Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Cultivars","volume":"14","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081208092797500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13040448","article-title":"Higher Intensity\nof Salt Stress Accompanied by Heat Inhibits Stomatal Conductance and\nInduces Ros Accumulation in Tomato Plants","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081208092797500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16896","article-title":"Metabolomics and Transcriptomics\nAnalysis Revealed the Response Mechanism\nof Alfalfa to Combined Cold and Saline-Alkali Stress","volume":"119","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.121499","article-title":"Synergistic Responses of Physiological, Transcriptomic,\nand Metabolomic Levels in Soybean (Glycine Max (Linn.)\nMerr) under Combined Salt-Alkali Stress","volume":"234","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ind.\nCrops Prod."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.70356","article-title":"Metabolo-Transcriptomics\nAnalyses Reveal Alfalfa Adaptation to Combined Saline-Alkali and Low-Temperature\nStress in the Field","volume":"24","author":"Guo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081208092797500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.17032","article-title":"MsMIOX2, Encoding a MsbZIP53-Activated Myo-Inositol Oxygenase, Enhances\nSaline-Alkali Stress Tolerance by Regulating Cell Wall Pectin and\nHemicellulose Biosynthesis in Alfalfa","volume":"120","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant\nJ."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2024.109175","article-title":"The Homeostasis of Ions\nand Reactive Oxygen Species in Root and Shoot Play Crucial Roles in\nthe Tolerance of Alfalfa to Salt Alkali Stress","volume":"216","author":"Zhe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081208092797500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832373","DOI":"10.1080\/15592324.2020.1832373","article-title":"Effects of Salt Concentration,\nPh, and Their Interaction on Plant Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Photochemistry\nof Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) Leaves","volume":"15","author":"Kaiwen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Signaling Behav."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931619","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.931619","article-title":"Comparative\nPhysiological and Transcriptome Profiles Uncover Salt\nTolerance Mechanisms in Alfalfa","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant\nSci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081208092797500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-021-03201-4","article-title":"Transcriptomic Analysis of Differentially\nExpressed\nGenes in Leaves and Roots of Two Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Cultivars with Different Salt Tolerance","volume":"21","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081208092797500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-05494-7","article-title":"Comparative Transcriptomic\nand Metabolomic Analyses\nProvide Insights into the Responses to High Temperature Stress in\nAlfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.)","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753011","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.753011","article-title":"Physiological and Proteomic\nResponses of Contrasting Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Varieties to High Temperature Stress","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081208092797500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9100597","article-title":"Effect of\nHeat Stress on Growth and Physiological Traits of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) and a Comprehensive Evaluation for Heat\nTolerance","volume":"9","author":"Wassie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agron."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2017.07.019","article-title":"Effects of Polymer-Coated Potassium Chloride on Cotton Yield, Leaf\nSenescence and Soil Potassium","volume":"212","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Field Crops Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081208092797500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2010.37","article-title":"Quantitative\nAnalysis of Major Plant\nHormones in Crude Plant Extracts by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass\nSpectrometry","volume":"5","author":"Pan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2025.101011","article-title":"Evaluation\nof Exogenous Melatonin\nin Conferring Tolerance to Cadmium Toxicity of Lycium Barbarum: Oxidative Stress, Physiological and Gene Expression Analysis","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Stress"},{"issue":"42","key":"2026081208092797500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26516","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c02349","article-title":"Lipoxygenase ZmLOX3\nEnhances Salt Tolerance of Maize under the Regulation of ZmNAC032","volume":"73","author":"Che","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2022.106285","article-title":"Rice Peroxygenase Catalyzes\nLipoxygenase-Dependent\nRegiospecific Epoxidation of Lipid Peroxides in the Response to Abiotic\nStressors","volume":"131","author":"Tran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2024.112130","article-title":"Genome-Wide Investigation\nof Hd-ZIP Gene Family and Functional Characterization of BnaHDZ149\nand BnaHDZ22 in Salt and Drought Response in Brassica Napus L","volume":"346","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2018.12.023","article-title":"Identification and\nCharacterization of Novel Homeodomain\nLeucine Zipper (Hd-ZIP) Transcription Factors Associated with Heat\nTolerance in Perennial Ryegrass","volume":"160","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Exp.\nBot."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081208092797500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70577","article-title":"Systematic Characterization\nof the Hd-ZIP Gene Family\nand Functional Analysis of MsHDZ18 under Drought Stress in Alfalfa","volume":"177","author":"Sui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081208092797500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.00030","article-title":"Unique Physiological and Transcriptional\nShifts under Combinations of Salinity, Drought, and Heat","volume":"174","author":"Shaar-Moshe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081208092797500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2014.02.001","article-title":"Plant Salt-Tolerance Mechanisms","volume":"19","author":"Deinlein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081208092797500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13519","article-title":"Salinity Tolerance of Crops - What\nIs the Cost?","volume":"208","author":"Munns","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081208092797500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13813","article-title":"Starch Biosynthesis\nContributes to the Maintenance of Photosynthesis and Leaf Growth under\nDrought Stress in Maize","volume":"43","author":"AbdElgawad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant, Cell Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081208092797500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14491","article-title":"Starch as a Determinant\nof Plant Fitness under Abiotic\nStress","volume":"214","author":"Thalmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2022.03.003","article-title":"Regulation of Photosynthesis under\nSalt Stress and Associated Tolerance Mechanisms","volume":"178","author":"Zahra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-050718-100005","article-title":"Salt Tolerance Mechanisms of Plants","volume":"71","author":"van Zelm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081208092797500_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16612","article-title":"Complex Plant\nResponses to Drought and Heat Stress under Climate Change","volume":"117","author":"Sato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132531","article-title":"Plant Flavonoids: Classification, Distribution, Biosynthesis, and\nAntioxidant Activity","volume":"383","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2024.108338","article-title":"Metabolomic and Physiological\nAnalysis of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) in Response\nto Saline and Alkaline Stress","volume":"207","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Physiol.\nBiochem."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.107896","article-title":"Flavonoid\nProfile of Anoectochilus\nRoxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. Under Short-Term Heat Stress Revealed by\nIntegrated Metabolome, Transcriptome, and Biochemical Analyses","volume":"201","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.121241","article-title":"Exogenous\nCalcium Alleviates Heat\nStress in Carnation Via Integrated Physiological, Anatomical and Multi-Omics\nModulations","volume":"232","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026081208092797500_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2014.08.015","article-title":"Linoleic Acid-Induced\nExpression\nof Defense Genes and Enzymes in Tobacco","volume":"171","author":"Sumayo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\nPlant Physiol."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00007","article-title":"Transcriptomic and Physiological Evidence for the Relationship\nbetween Unsaturated Fatty Acid and Salt Stress in Peanut","volume":"9","author":"Sui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"2026081208092797500_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042817-040440","article-title":"The Oxylipin Pathways:\nBiochemistry and Function","volume":"69","author":"Wasternack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant\nBiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081208092797500_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-008-3245-7","article-title":"Diversity\nof the Enzymatic Activity in the Lipoxygenase Gene Family of Arabidopsis\nThaliana","volume":"44","author":"Bannenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081208092797500_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.115733","article-title":"Principal Transcriptional Programs\nRegulating Plant\nAmino Acid Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stresses","volume":"147","author":"Less","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081208092797500_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0061-6","article-title":"Proline Accumulation in Plants: A Review","volume":"35","author":"Verbruggen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081208092797500_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2007.03318.x","article-title":"Duplicated\nP5CS Genes of Arabidopsis Play Distinct Roles in Stress Regulation\nand Developmental Control of Proline Biosynthesis","volume":"53","author":"Sze\u0301kely","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081208092797500_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.13786","article-title":"Differential Sensitivity of Metabolic Pathways in Sugar\nBeet Roots to Combined Salt, Heat, and Light Stress","volume":"174","author":"Garci\u0301a-Caparro\u0301s","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. 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