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This review evaluates polymeric, lipid-based, metal\u2013organic framework, and inorganic carriers and compares release mechanisms triggered by temperature, pH, redox conditions, light, enzymes, magnetic fields, and multiple stimuli. Across reported systems, responsive formulations generally improve active-ingredient stability, foliar retention, target-site release, and pest-control efficacy while reducing off-target exposure relative to conventional formulations. However, performance is strongly influenced by carrier composition, trigger specificity, field heterogeneity, storage stability, and manufacturing reproducibility. We further assess RNA-pesticide delivery, commercial products, field-validation cases, environmental fate, and regulatory testing needs. Future development should prioritize scalable synthesis, standardized physicochemical and ecotoxicological evaluation, realistic field trials, and cost-effective multi-responsive designs that deliver measurable agronomic benefits without increasing long-term environmental risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c00926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:02:22Z","timestamp":1789632142000},"page":"29657-29673","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stimuli-Responsive\nControlled-Release Nanopesticides:\nCurrent Advances, Mechanisms, and Future Outlook"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Guang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Harbin, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongxu","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Harbin, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Harbin, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4091-6605","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fengrui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Harbin, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Harbin, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2012-8768","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Harbin, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4265-6879","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ying","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Harbin, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7731-752X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Harbin, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026093009073080800_cit1","volume-title":"The\nState of Food and Agriculture","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026093009073080800_cit2","volume-title":"The\nState of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026093009073080800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-019-0439-5","article-title":"Nano-enabled\nstrategies to enhance\ncrop nutrition and protection","volume":"14","author":"Kah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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