{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T01:58:28Z","timestamp":1785463108193,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009475","name":"Fuji Foundation for Protein Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25K03048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K03048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006089","name":"Tojuro Iijima Foundation for Food Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Water-soluble soybean fiber (WSSF) exerts health benefits beyond its fermentability, but its direct effects on epithelial\u2013immune interactions remain unclear. We investigated whether WSSF regulates antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) in the small intestine and the underlying mechanisms. C57BL\/6J and tuft cell\u2013deficient Pou2f3-knockout mice were fed control or WSSF-supplemented diets, and gene and protein expression and cecal microbiota were analyzed. WSSF upregulated the epithelial AMPs SPRR2A, RELM\u03b2, and ANG4 in the jejunum and ileum. Pharmacological inhibition of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) or TRPM5 attenuated AMP induction and reduced IL-25, IL-13, tuft cell markers, and STAT6 phosphorylation. WSSF also failed to induce AMPs or type 2 immune markers in Pou2f3-knockout mice, indicating a requirement for tuft cells. Finally, WSSF altered cecal microbiota composition in a tuft cell\u2013dependent manner. These findings identify WSSF as a soybean-derived fiber that strengthens epithelial innate defense via a TRPM5\u2013tuft cell\u2013ILC2 axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c01854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:55:38Z","timestamp":1780491338000},"page":"17952-17967","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Soybean-Derived\nSoluble Fiber Enhances Antimicrobial\nProteins in the Mouse Small Intestine via a Tuft Cell\u2013Group\n2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Axis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Arslan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima University , , 1-4-4 Kagamiyama , ,","place":["Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, 739-8528"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bambang Dwi","family":"Wijatniko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima University , , 1-4-4 Kagamiyama , ,","place":["Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, 739-8528"]},{"name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada , , ,","place":["Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cla\u0301udia Domingos","family":"Mapure Siueia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima University , , 1-4-4 Kagamiyama , ,","place":["Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, 739-8528"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chisato","family":"Yanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima University , , 1-4-4 Kagamiyama , ,","place":["Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, 739-8528"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima University , , 1-4-4 Kagamiyama , ,","place":["Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, 739-8528"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shodai","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setsunan University , , 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho , ,","place":["Hirakata, Japan, 573-0101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setsunan University , , 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho , ,","place":["Hirakata, Japan, 573-0101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina Mustika","family":"Rini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima University , , 1-4-4 Kagamiyama , ,","place":["Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, 739-8528"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Yanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima University , , 1-4-4 Kagamiyama , ,","place":["Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, 739-8528"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3709-543X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takuya","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima University , , 1-4-4 Kagamiyama , ,","place":["Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, 739-8528"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"41","key":"2026073021131287600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14853","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c03923","article-title":"Dietary Fiber and Its\nPotential Role in Obesity: A Focus on Modulating the Gut Microbiota","volume":"71","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026073021131287600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2021.07.001","article-title":"Effects of Dietary\nFiber on Human Health","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Science and Human\nWellness"},{"key":"2026073021131287600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-34496-0","article-title":"Lycopene Ameliorates\nIntestinal Barrier Dysfunction\nFollowing Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting Pyroptosis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026073021131287600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c10158","article-title":"Sesamin Alleviates Allergen-Induced Diarrhea by Restoring\nGut Microbiota Composition and Intestinal Barrier Function","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026073021131287600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.12.028","article-title":"Antimicrobial Defense\nof the Intestine","volume":"42","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026073021131287600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-024-00122-3","article-title":"Balancing Act of\nthe Intestinal Antimicrobial Proteins\non Gut Microbiota and Health","author":"Ra","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026073021131287600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1568062","article-title":"Regulation\nof the Tuft Cell-ILC2 Circuit in Intestinal Mucosal Immunity","author":"Shang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. 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Hepatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026073021131287600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700048","article-title":"Guar Gum Fiber Increases Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1\nExpression via Toll-like Receptor 2 and Dectin-1 Pathways, Regulating\nInflammatory Response in Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells","volume":"61","author":"Van Hung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026073021131287600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58311-0","article-title":"Pectin Interaction\nwith Immune Receptors Is Modulated\nby Ripening Process in Papayas","volume":"10","author":"Prado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026073021131287600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1224092","article-title":"Immunomodulatory\nEffects of Inulin and Its Intestinal\nMetabolites","volume":"14","author":"Sheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026073021131287600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01750-y","article-title":"Microbiota-Derived\nIndoles Alleviate Intestinal Inflammation and Modulate Microbiome\nby Microbial Cross-Feeding","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026073021131287600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-025-02220-9","article-title":"Members\nof Lachnospiraceae Produce Valerate and Caproate in Response to Short-Chain\nFatty Acids","volume":"13","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026073021131287600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1802866","article-title":"Gut Microbes from\nthe Phylogenetically Diverse Genus Eubacterium and\nTheir Various Contributions to Gut Health.","volume":"12","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"supplement_1","key":"2026073021131287600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006451107","article-title":"The two mucus layers\nof colon are organized by the MUC2 mucin, whereas the outer layer\nis a legislator of host\u2013microbial interactions","volume":"108","author":"Johansson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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