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However, the molecular mechanisms by which CeO2\u2013NPs mediate high-temperature tolerance in plants remain poorly understood. In this work, we integrated physiological detection, transcriptome profiling, and virus-induced gene silencing verification to explore the protective effect and underlying mechanism of foliar-applied CeO2\u2013NPs under heat stress. The results showed that 17.2 mg\/L CeO2\u2013NPs maintained chloroplast stability and photosynthetic performance, inhibited chlorophyll and lignin degradation, and reduced the level of ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Physiological data revealed that relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content in the control were 1.66- and 2.63-fold higher than those in the CeO2\u2013NP group. Meanwhile, CeO2\u2013NP treatment significantly increased SOD, POD, and APX activities by 1.56, 1.43, and 1.87 times, respectively. Heat stress reduced lignin content by 57.83% in the control but only by 19.40% with CeO2\u2013NP application. Further transcriptomic and functional validation demonstrated that CeO2\u2013NPs enhanced thermotolerance by upregulating PlPrx56 to promote antioxidant capacity and inducing PlCAD1 to maintain lignin accumulation. This study elucidates the dual molecular pathway of CeO2NPs-mediated plant heat tolerance and provides a promising nanomaterial strategy for improving plant stress adaptability in agricultural production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c02508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:01:54Z","timestamp":1791644514000},"page":"32087-32103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Foliar Spraying\nof CeO2 Nanoparticles Enhances\nHigh-Temperature Tolerance in Herbaceous Peony Via Regulating Antioxidant\nSystems and Lignin Accumulation: Integrated Physiological, Biochemical,\nand Transcriptomic Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Jiasong","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, 225009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, 225009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, 225009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, 225009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, 225009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, 225009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, 225009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1674-6769","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daqiu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, 225009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102109075097500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315304","article-title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that fullerol improves\ndrought tolerance in Brassica napus L","volume":"23","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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