{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T14:28:13Z","timestamp":1793802493187,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"43","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431C 2022\/023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2022\/023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431C 2022\/39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2022\/39"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n Productiva","award":["PID2021-122732OB-C21\/C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-122732OB-C21\/C22"]}]},{"name":"H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","award":["101066127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101066127"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vibrio anguillarum is a major pathogen impacting Solea senegalensis aquaculture. While host\u2013pathogen competition for iron drives disease progression, the in vivo molecular evidence linking iron homeostasis and immune responses in fish remains limited. Here, we integrated metabolomic and proteomic analyses to characterize the splenic response of S. senegalensis during experimental vibriosis. Multiomics integration revealed disruption of iron homeostasis alongside coordinated immunometabolic reprogramming. We detected the bacterial siderophore piscibactin directly in spleen tissue of sole exhibiting advanced stages of vibriosis, providing in vivo evidence of siderophore-mediated iron acquisition. Infection-driven metabolic shifts in lysine degradation, nucleotide metabolism, and mitochondrial energy pathways were correlated with heightened cellular proliferation and metabolic stress. Integrative analysis identified metabolites including 2-aminoadipic acid, saccharopine, and methylsuccinic acid, together with iron-regulatory proteins (e.g., STEAP4) as candidate biomarkers. These findings enhance our understanding of vibriosis-associated immunometabolic responses and provide a systems-level framework for future disease monitoring and management in aquaculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c02961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:01:42Z","timestamp":1792468902000},"page":"34468-34480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Metabolomic\nand Proteomic Analyses Reveal\nAltered Iron Homeostasis and Immunometabolic Remodeling in the Spleen\nof\n                    <i>Solea senegalensis<\/i>\n                    during Vibriosis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6597-8080","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Larissa","family":"Buedenbender","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Corun\u0303a , , ,","place":["A Corun\u0303a, Spain, 15071"]},{"name":"Griffith University , , , ,","place":["Southport, Queensland, Australia, 4222"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5702-4631","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miguel","family":"Balado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Santiago de Compostela , , ,","place":["Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 15782"]},{"name":"Instituto Espan\u0303ol de Oceanografi\u0301a - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cienti\u0301ficas (IEO\u2212CSIC) , , ,","place":["Vigo, Spain, 36390"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Rey-Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Santiago de Compostela , , ,","place":["Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 15782"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta A.","family":"Lages","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Santiago de Compostela , , ,","place":["Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 15782"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ferna\u0301ndez Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Corun\u0303a , , ,","place":["A Corun\u0303a, Spain, 15071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5348-6970","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaime","family":"Rodri\u0301guez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Corun\u0303a , , ,","place":["A Corun\u0303a, Spain, 15071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7964-2089","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manuel L.","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Santiago de Compostela , , ,","place":["Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 15782"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7695-8301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anthony R.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith University , , , ,","place":["Southport, Queensland, Australia, 4222"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2628-303X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos","family":"Jime\u0301nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Corun\u0303a , , ,","place":["A Corun\u0303a, Spain, 15071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026110408124174700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"The State\nof World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020: Sustainability\nin action","author":"FAO.","DOI":"10.4060\/ca9229en"},{"key":"2026110408124174700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109399","article-title":"Assessing\nthe Role of Ulvan as Immunonutrient in Solea senegalensis","volume":"146","author":"Ponce","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"2026110408124174700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.06.077","article-title":"Towards\nan Early\nWeaning in Senegalese Sole: A Historical Review","volume":"496","author":"Pinto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2026110408124174700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734289","article-title":"Vibriosis in Cultured\nMarine Fishes: A Review","volume":"512","author":"Mohamad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2026110408124174700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2020.07.002","article-title":"A review: Progress\nin the Development of Fish Vibrio Spp. Vaccines","volume":"226","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026110408124174700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12542","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612542","article-title":"Management and Mitigation of Vibriosis in Aquaculture:\nNanoparticles as Promising Alternatives","volume":"24","author":"Kah Sem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Mol. 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Biochem"},{"key":"2026110408124174700_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2025.743612","article-title":"Effect of\nTransport Temperature and Duration on Physicochemical and Metabolic\nProperties of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco","volume":"615","author":"Bai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026110408124174700_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00745-6","article-title":"Nutritional Immunity: The Battle for Nutrient Metals\nat the Host\u2013Pathogen Interface","volume":"20","author":"Murdoch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat.\nRev. Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026110408124174700_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00311.x","article-title":"Steap Proteins:\nImplications for Iron and Copper Metabolism","volume":"65","author":"Knutson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutr. 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Microbiol"},{"issue":"39","key":"2026110408124174700_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2006.07.104","article-title":"Structural\nCharacterization of Vanchrobactin, a New Catechol Siderophore Produced\nby the Fish Pathogen Vibrio anguillarum Serotype\nO2","volume":"47","author":"Soengas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"key":"2026110408124174700_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01412-25","article-title":"Siderophore Systems\nat Play: System Interactions as Drivers of Diversification in Pathogenic Vibrio","volume":"16","author":"Lages","year":"2025","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026110408124174700_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00596-23","article-title":"Remodulation of Bacterial\nTranscriptome after Acquisition of Foreign DNA: The Case of Irp-HPI\nHigh-Pathogenicity Island in Vibrio anguillarum","volume":"9","author":"Lages","year":"2024","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026110408124174700_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200300664","article-title":"Differential\nProteomic Analysis of Aeromonas salmonicida Outer\nMembrane Proteins in Response to Low Iron and In Vivo Growth Conditions","volume":"4","author":"Ebanks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026110408124174700_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1992.tb00634.x","article-title":"Siderophores Produced\nby Vibrio anguillarum In Vitro and in Infected Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)","volume":"15","author":"Mackie","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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