{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:04:58Z","timestamp":1785337498691,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Sonatina 5 2021\/40\/C\/NZ7\/00231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sonatina 5 2021\/40\/C\/NZ7\/00231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disruption of intestinal barrier integrity contributes to inflammation, infection, and chronic disease. Tormentil rhizome ethanolic extract (TR-EtOH), traditionally used in functional alcoholic beverages, is rich in polyphenols that undergo extensive gut microbiota metabolism. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and barrier-protective effects of TR-EtOH and its gut-derived metabolites (TREMs). Microbiota metabolism markedly reduced phenolic content and antioxidant activity, consistent with the degradation of polymeric tannins. Biological activity was investigated in a Clostridioides difficile toxin-induced Caco-2 model using TEER, qPCR, Western blot, and cytokine secretion assays. TR-EtOH preserved epithelial integrity and reduced inflammatory responses, whereas TREMs showed donor-dependent effects on barrier stabilization and cytokine modulation. These findings indicate that native tormentil polyphenols and microbiota-derived metabolites may protect the intestinal barrier through complementary mechanisms, supporting their potential use in functional food and beverage development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c03087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T12:55:09Z","timestamp":1784465709000},"page":"22859-22876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tormentil Rhizome\nEthanolic Extract and Its Gut Microbiota-Derived\nMetabolites: Modulation of Tight Junction Integrity and Anti-Inflammatory\nPotential in Caco-2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5323-7093","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kruk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Warsaw , , Banacha 1b Street , ,","place":["Warsaw, Poland, 02-097"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Grzes\u0301kowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freie Universitat Berlin , , Konigin-Luise 49 Street , ,","place":["Berlin, Germany, 14195"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Vlasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Warsaw , , Banacha 1b Street , ,","place":["Warsaw, Poland, 02-097"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuliia","family":"Kostenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Warsaw , , Banacha 1b Street , ,","place":["Warsaw, Poland, 02-097"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju\u0308rgen","family":"Zentek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freie Universitat Berlin , , Konigin-Luise 49 Street , ,","place":["Berlin, Germany, 14195"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Granica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Warsaw , , Banacha 1b Street , ,","place":["Warsaw, Poland, 02-097"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5011-0983","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jakub P.","family":"Piwowarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Warsaw , , Banacha 1b Street , ,","place":["Warsaw, Poland, 02-097"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072910065532100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606289","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1606289","article-title":"The Role of Plant-Based\nDietary Compounds in Gut Microbiota Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel\nDisease","volume":"12","author":"Akanyibah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. 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