{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:57:54Z","timestamp":1790776674320,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32502075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32502075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a major global health burden with an urgent need for effective interventions. Although astaxanthin (AST) exhibits hepatoprotective potential, its efficacy is limited by poor oral bioavailability. This study evaluated an intestine-targeted astaxanthin delivery system (AST-LPs) in HFHC-diet-induced MASLD mice. AST-LPs administration exhibited superior efficacy over free AST in attenuating hepatic steatosis, improving lipid profiles and glucose tolerance, and suppressing inflammation. Lipidomics analysis revealed that AST-LPs preferentially remodeled HFHC-disrupted lipid profiles, particularly cardiolipins, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), and sphingolipids. Mechanistically, AST-LPs modulated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway by upregulating PPAR\u03b1 while downregulating PPAR\u03b3 and fatty acid-binding protein 1 (FABP1), shifting the metabolic balance toward lipid catabolism over storage. Molecular docking confirmed high binding affinities between AST and these core targets. Collectively, these findings suggest that intestinal-targeted AST delivery is a promising multitarget therapeutic strategy for MASLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c03179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:02:00Z","timestamp":1789988520000},"page":"30418-30429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lipidomics Reveals Potential Mechanisms of Intestinal-Targeted\nAstaxanthin in Ameliorating Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic\nLiver Disease in ApoE\u2013\/\u2013 Mice"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Mengxue","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210095"]},{"name":"Jiangnan University , , , ,","place":["Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, 214122"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Three Gorges University , , , ,","place":["Yichang, Hubei, China, 443002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8259-8426","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuanfa","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Technology and Business University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100048"]},{"name":"Jiangnan University , , , ,","place":["Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, 214122"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026093009072973800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD\nworldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Riazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. 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Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093009072973800_cit3b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.09.020","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:\nA precursor of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Lonardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig.\nLiver Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009072973800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29466","article-title":"Modeling\nthe epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential\nincrease in burden of disease","volume":"67","author":"Estes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093009072973800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2024.100018","article-title":"Pharmacological\ntreatment for metabolic\ndysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and related disorders:\nCurrent and emerging therapeutic options","volume":"77","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol.\nRev."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093009072973800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00049-9","article-title":"Resmetirom\nfor NASH: balancing promise and prudence","volume":"9","author":"The Lancet Gastroenterology.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet\nGastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"2026093009072973800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.868207","article-title":"Natural products\nand hepatic health: light and shadows","volume":"13","author":"Di Giacomo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front.\nPharmacol."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026093009072973800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1989661","article-title":"Recent research advances in astaxanthin delivery systems:\nFabrication technologies, comparisons and applications","volume":"63","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026093009072973800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15099","article-title":"Astaxanthin attenuates hepatic damage and mitochondrial\ndysfunction\nin non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by up-regulating the FGF21\/PGC-1\u03b1\npathway","volume":"177","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. 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Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009072973800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2445780","article-title":"Research advances in\nthe diagnosis and treatment of MASLD\/MASH","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann.\nMed."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026093009072973800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.12240","article-title":"Silencing of FABP1 ameliorates hepatic\nsteatosis, inflammation,\nand oxidative stress in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Mukai","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093009072973800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051619898","article-title":"Fatty acids and hypolipidemic\ndrugs regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha-and\ngamma-mediated gene expression via liver fatty acid binding protein:\na signaling path to the nucleus","volume":"98","author":"Wolfrum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. 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Cell\nBiol."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026093009072973800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224772","article-title":"Nuclear receptor\nPPAR\u03b1 as a therapeutic target in diseases associated with lipid\nmetabolism disorders","volume":"15","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009072973800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32538","article-title":"Intestinal\nperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1-fatty\nacid-binding protein 1 axis modulates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"77","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026093009072973800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R056705","article-title":"Recent\ninsights into the biological functions of liver fatty acid binding\nprotein 1","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c03179","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/38\/30418\/68578768\/acs.jafc.6c03179.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/38\/30418\/68578768\/acs.jafc.6c03179.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:13:36Z","timestamp":1790774016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/74\/38\/30418\/5434137\/Lipidomics-Reveals-Potential-Mechanisms-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c03179","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]}}}