{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T15:10:01Z","timestamp":1785942601127,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1400900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1400900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rice bakanae disease, mainly caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, threatens rice production globally. Phenamacril is a site-targeted fungicide that inhibits myosin-5 in F. fujikuroi. Previous studies reported F. fujikuroi isolates resistant to phenamacril due to mutations at amino acid positions 218 and 219 of Ffmyosin-5. This study identified resistant isolates exhibiting a resistance factor of 97.15\u2013173.84. However, these isolates carried no reported mutation sites in Ffmyosin-5. Resistant isolates exhibited reduced fitness and no cross-resistance to other commonly used fungicides. Sequence alignment showed that these resistant isolates contained the E422A mutation in the Ffmyosin-5 protein. Molecular docking revealed diminished binding affinity due to this mutation. The reduced sensitivity to phenamacril of F. fujikuroi transformants carrying the E422A mutation further confirmed the importance of this point mutation in fungicide resistance. A rapid AS-PCR method was developed for E422A detection. Collectively, this study identified E422A as a novel phenamacril-resistant mutation site and detailed the resistance mechanism in F. fujikuroi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T12:44:42Z","timestamp":1784724282000},"page":"23361-23369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["E422A Point Mutation in the Myosin-5 Protein\nConfers Resistance to Phenamacril in\n                    <i>Fusarium fujikuroi<\/i>\n                    Field Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Junlu","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]},{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8644-834X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shama","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]},{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]},{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]},{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengjie","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]},{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongqiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]},{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]},{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9103-3992","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Can","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]},{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7859-9741","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]},{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026080510083265600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-019-01694-2","article-title":"Development of PCR and loop mediated isothermal amplification\nassay for the detection of bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi","volume":"154","author":"Sunani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080510083265600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-09-19-1909-RE","article-title":"Fusarium fujikuroi species complex\nassociated with rice, maize, and soybean from Jiangsu Province, China:\nphylogenetic, pathogenic, and toxigenic analysis","volume":"104","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"2026080510083265600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108667","article-title":"Fusarium fujikuroi species complex in Brazilian rice:\nUnveiling increased phylogenetic diversity and toxigenic potential","volume":"330","author":"Nicolli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"issue":"27","key":"2026080510083265600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16715","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c01578","article-title":"The effect of phenamacril\non soil\nmicrobial communities and resistance development in Fusarium fujikuroi","volume":"73","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric.\nFood Chem."},{"key":"2026080510083265600_cit5","unstructured":"Ito, S.; Klmura, J.\n          Studies on the\nbakanae disease of the rice plant\n          Hokkaido\nAgricultural Experiment Stations Report\n          1931; Vol. 27, p 99."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080510083265600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10030434","article-title":"Mapping of a major QTL, qBK1Z, for bakanae disease resistance in\nrice","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"37","key":"2026080510083265600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8134","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b03018","article-title":"Jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid are\ninvolved in the phytoalexin responses of rice to Fusarium fujikuroi, a high gibberellin producer pathogen","volume":"63","author":"Siciliano","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080510083265600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14071507","article-title":"Bakanae disease\nresistance in rice: current status and future considerations","volume":"14","author":"Zhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"2026080510083265600_cit9","first-page":"201","article-title":"Three modified methods for evaluation\nof bakanae disease\nresistance in rice seedlings","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Pathol.\nBull."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080510083265600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.3.1020-1025.2000","article-title":"Fusarium species\nfrom Nepalese rice and production of mycotoxins and gibberellic acid\nby selected species","volume":"66","author":"Desjardins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. 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J. Plant Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080510083265600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006827","article-title":"The fungal\nmyosin I is essential for Fusarium toxisome formation","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080510083265600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12711","article-title":"A small molecule species\nspecifically inhibits Fusarium myosin I","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. 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Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080510083265600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15188-5","article-title":"Comparative transcriptome analysis\nreveals the resistance regulation mechanism and fungicidal activity\nof the fungicide phenamacril in Fusarium oxysporum","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026080510083265600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2017.09.014","article-title":"Resistance\nrisk assessment of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis against phenamacril, a myosin inhibitor","volume":"147","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. 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Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026080510083265600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560020916","article-title":"Verification of\nprotein structures: patterns of nonbonded\natomic interactions","volume":"2","author":"Colovos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080510083265600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228148","article-title":"AQUA and\nPROCHECK-NMR: programs for checking the quality of protein structures\nsolved by NMR","volume":"8","author":"Laskowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biomol. NMR."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080510083265600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-10-22-0370-KD","article-title":"Fungicide resistance: Progress in\nunderstanding mechanism, monitoring,\nand management","volume":"113","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"2026080510083265600_cit33","unstructured":"Hou, Y.; Zheng, Z.; Li, B.; Liu, X.; Zhou, M. In  Myosin as a Selective Target for the Fungicide Phenamacril; Proceedings of the 18th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium\non Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds 2016 DPG: Friedrichroda, Germany, 2017; pp 51\u201360."},{"key":"2026080510083265600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1536532","article-title":"Comprehensive\nanalysis of the mechanisms conferring resistance to\nphenamacril in the Fusarium species","volume":"15","author":"Joe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026080510083265600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2025.106483","article-title":"A novel mutation type S420I in myosin-5\nconfers resistance to phenamacril in Fusarium fujikuroi","volume":"213","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080510083265600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008323","article-title":"Structural basis of Fusarium myosin I inhibition\nby phenamacril","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080510083265600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4959","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8226","article-title":"Biological and molecular\ncharacterization of pydiflumetofen and phenamacril\ndual-resistant Fusarium graminearum strains","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pest Manage. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080510083265600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-09-18-1592-RE","article-title":"Activity of\ndemethylation inhibitor fungicide metconazole on Chinese Fusarium graminearum species complex and its application\nin carbendazim-resistance management of Fusarium head\nblight in wheat","volume":"103","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080510083265600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-09-24-0105-FI","article-title":"Molecular\nmonitoring of fungicide resistance in crop phytopathogens","volume":"38","author":"Zulak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"2026080510083265600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-026-13795-0","article-title":"Research progress\non nucleic acid amplification\u2013based detection technologies\nfor phytopathogenic fungi","volume":"110","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol.\nBiotechnol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04308","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/30\/23361\/66122876\/acs.jafc.6c04308.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/30\/23361\/66122876\/acs.jafc.6c04308.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T14:32:03Z","timestamp":1785940323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/74\/30\/23361\/5226675\/E422A-Point-Mutation-in-the-Myosin-5-Protein"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04308","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]}}}