{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:43:23Z","timestamp":1792784603114,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)","award":["RGPIN-2021-03293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2021-03293"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h531d29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Accurate detection of nitrofuran residues, as an indicator of banned drug use, in animal-derived food products is vital for ensuring food safety. The accepted regulatory approach for nitrofurans produces a residue marker from their protein-bound metabolites, which is nonspecific for nitrofurazone (i.e., semicarbazide (SEM)). Since SEM may originate from non-nitrofurazone sources, it is therefore not conclusive for nitrofurazone. Our main objective was to apply novel deconjugation\/substitution reactions, which have been used to reverse protein binding, to identify a specific nitrofurazone marker. Bound nitrofurazone metabolites, produced using S9 from bovine liver or homogenized bovine liver tissue, were subjected to basic media and thiol reagents. Analyses carried out using high-resolution mass spectrometry showed that substitution of protein with thiol reagents produced thiol-metabolite conjugates whose structures were supported with stable isotopically labeled experiments. These conjugates can serve as new, specific markers for conclusive detection of nitrofurazone abuse in food animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T13:01:39Z","timestamp":1789736499000},"page":"30296-30308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Analytical Strategy to Detect Specific Markers\nof Nitrofurazone from Protein-Bound Metabolites in Food Animals"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Barzegar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan , , , ,","place":["Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5E5"]},{"name":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency , , , ,","place":["Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 2R3"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryn O.","family":"Shurmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency , , , ,","place":["Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 2R3"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8537-4439","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher O.","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council , , 1411 Oxford Street , , ,","place":["Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 3Z1"]},{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute , Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1 , ,","place":["\u00c5s, Norway, 1433"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"El-Aneed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan , , , ,","place":["Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5E5"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1274-837X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Randy W.","family":"Purves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan , , , ,","place":["Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5E5"]},{"name":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency , , , ,","place":["Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 2R3"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026093009074185700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-2930-6","article-title":"Recent Applications of Liquid Chromatography\u2013Mass\nSpectrometry to Residue Analysis of Antimicrobials in Food of Animal\nOrigin","volume":"395","author":"Bogialli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. 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Sci."},{"key":"2026093009074185700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2014.04.021","article-title":"Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis\nin Dairy Products by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap\nMass Spectrometry","volume":"1345","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"2026093009074185700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.12.020","article-title":"Health Concerns and Management of Select Veterinary\nDrug Residues","volume":"88","author":"Baynes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"01","key":"2026093009074185700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7579.1000285","article-title":"Veterinary\nDrug Residues in Food-Animal Products: Its Risk Factors and Potential\nEffects on Public Health","volume":"07","author":"Beyene","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026093009074185700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4380261","article-title":"Evaluation of Antibiotics Residues in Milk and Meat\nUsing Different Analytical Methods","volume":"2023","author":"Getahun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J.\nAnal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009074185700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(88)80007-3","article-title":"Reversible Interaction of a Reactive Intermediate Derived\nfrom Furazolidone with Glutathione and Protein","volume":"95","author":"Vroomen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. 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Food Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026093009074185700_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030410001712484","article-title":"Formation\nof Semicarbazide (SEM) in Food by Hypochlorite Treatment: Is SEM a\nSpecific Marker for Nitrofurazone Abuse?","volume":"21","author":"Hoenicke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food\nAddit. Contam."},{"key":"2026093009074185700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2025.106225","article-title":"Semicarbazide Formation during Processing\nand Storage of Dairy Protein Ingredients","volume":"166","author":"Huppertz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int.\nDairy J."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093009074185700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2025.2469840","article-title":"Natural Occurrence of Semicarbazide in Heather Honey","volume":"42","author":"Groeneveld","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam. Part A"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026093009074185700_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1039\/AN9962101463","article-title":"Analysis\nof Protein-Bound Metabolites of Furazolidone and Furaltadone in Pig\nLiver by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography\u2013Mass\nSpectrometry","volume":"121","author":"Horne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093009074185700_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.47836\/ifrj.28.3.06","article-title":"Analysis of\nMetabolites of Nitrofuran Antibiotics in Animal-Derived Food by UPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"28","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Food Res. J."},{"key":"2026093009074185700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.12.065","article-title":"Determination of Nitrofuran\nMetabolites in Shrimp by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with\nFluorescence Detection and Liquid Chromatography\u2013Tandem Mass\nSpectrometry Using a New Derivatization Reagent","volume":"1327","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"2026093009074185700_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126084","article-title":"A New Derivatizing\nReagent for the Determination of 5-Nitro-2-Furaldehyde in Trout Muscle\nby Liquid Chromatography\u2013Tandem Mass Spectrometry","volume":"275","author":"El Hawari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026093009074185700_cit32","unstructured":"Mulder, P. P. J.; Berendsen, B. J. A.; Zuidema, T.; van Rhijn, J. A.\n          Structural Elucidation\nof an Alternative Indicator (Marker Residue) for Nitrofurazone Use\nin Animal Derived Food Products and Development of a Routine Method\nof Analysis to Identify This Marker That Fullfills the Requirements\nof Decision 2002\/657\/EC; RIKILT-Institute\nof Food Safety: Wageningen; 2006."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093009074185700_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c12391","article-title":"Analytical Quantitation and Confirmation of Cyano Metabolite\nby High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Residue Depletion Study in Shrimp\nTreated with Nitrofurazone","volume":"74","author":"Loaiza","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026093009074185700_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.7b00121","article-title":"Rapid and\nConvenient Oxidative Release of Thiol-Conjugated Forms of Microcystins\nfor Chemical Analysis","volume":"30","author":"Miles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093009074185700_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.9b00385","article-title":"Oxidative Release of Thiol-Conjugated\nForms of the Mycotoxin 4-Deoxynivalenol","volume":"33","author":"Uhlig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem.\nRes. 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Food Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093009074185700_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.9b00004","article-title":"Mass Spectrometric\nDetection and Characterization of Metabolites of Gemini Surfactants\nUsed as Gene Delivery Vectors","volume":"31","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Mass\nSpectrom."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093009074185700_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.12.019","article-title":"The Identification\nof Potential Alternative Biomarkers of Nitrofurazone Abuse in Animal\nDerived Food Products","volume":"46","author":"Samsonova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026093009074185700_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2017-0038","article-title":"Albumin-Based Drug\nDelivery Using Cysteine 34 Chemical Conjugates\u2013Important Considerations\nand Requirements","volume":"8","author":"Caspersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther. Delivery"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026093009074185700_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1021\/ac981380y","article-title":"Electrospray Ionization High-Field Asymmetric Waveform\nIon Mobility Spectrometry\u2013Mass Spectrometry","volume":"71","author":"Purves","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anal. 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Labelled Compd.\nRadiopharm."},{"key":"2026093009074185700_cit45","volume-title":"Drug Metabolism: Chemical\nand Biochemical Aspects","author":"Testa","year":"1976"}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04435","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/38\/30296\/68555234\/acs.jafc.6c04435.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/38\/30296\/68555234\/acs.jafc.6c04435.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:50:52Z","timestamp":1790776252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/74\/38\/30296\/5432714\/A-Novel-Analytical-Strategy-to-Detect-Specific"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04435","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]}}}