{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:24:17Z","timestamp":1787153057653,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1801100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1801100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Program of Heilongjiang Province","award":["LBH Z23085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LBH Z23085"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antibiotic overuse in dairy farming promotes drug-resistant pathogens, reducing treatment efficacy and causing economic losses. Trueperella pyogenes, a primary causative agent of postpartum endometritis in dairy cows, is increasingly linked to multidrug resistance. This study evaluated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) as a nonantibiotic intervention against resistant isolate TP11804 (resistant to 8 antibiotics). Using bovine endometrial epithelial cells and a mouse model, LGR-1 pretreatment mitigated TP1804-induced damage, preserved tight-junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin) and epithelial barrier integrity, and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation (reducing NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1\u03b2, IL-18). LGR-1 coameliorates tight junction disruption and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, indicating a close association between these two processes. By identifying LGR-1 as a potential substitute for antibiotics in the control of drug-resistant T. pyogenes infections, this research lays a groundwork for providing a theoretical basis for the research and development of antibiotic alternative drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:02:15Z","timestamp":1786363335000},"page":"24989-25002","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/i>\n                    GR-1 Coameliorates\nTight Junction Disruption and NLRP3-Mediated\nInflammation in Drug-Resistant\n                    <i>Trueperella pyogenes<\/i>\n                    Infection"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1664-3579","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ning","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150030"]},{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Harbin, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-hong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026081910172944700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12061","article-title":"Genetic and functional analysis of the bovine uterine\nmicrobiota. Part II: Purulent vaginal discharge versus healthy cows","volume":"100","author":"Bicalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081910172944700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.077370","article-title":"Defining\npostpartum uterine disease and the mechanisms of infection and immunity\nin the female reproductive tract in cattle","volume":"81","author":"Sheldon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081910172944700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1230837","article-title":"Influence\nof uterine bacterial contamination after parturition on ovarian dominant\nfollicle selection and follicle growth and function in cattle","volume":"123","author":"Sheldon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02691","article-title":"Uterine Microbiota of Dairy Cows With Clinical and\nSubclinical Endometritis","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081910172944700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4198","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22846","article-title":"Induced\nendometritis in early lactation compromises\nproduction and reproduction in dairy cows","volume":"106","author":"Husnain","year":"2023","journal-title":"J.\nDairy Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081910172944700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-01021-w","article-title":"Luteolin increases\nsusceptibility to macrolides by inhibiting MsrA efflux pump in Trueperella\npyogenes","volume":"53","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081910172944700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112737","article-title":"Pathogenicity\nand Virulence of Trueperella\npyogenes: A Review","volume":"20","author":"Rzewuska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081910172944700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-005-2316-5","article-title":"Arcanobacterium pyogenes: molecular\npathogenesis of\nan animal opportunist","volume":"88","author":"Jost","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antonie Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832458","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.832458","article-title":"Pyolysin of\nTrueperella pyogenes Induces Pyroptosis and IL-1beta Release in Murine\nMacrophages Through Potassium\/NLRP3\/Caspase-1\/Gasdermin D Pathway","volume":"13","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081910172944700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4529","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2431","article-title":"Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility\nand virulence factor genes in Trueperella pyogenes isolated from clinical\nmastitis cases of dairy cows","volume":"9","author":"Ashrafi Tamai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.10.005","article-title":"Different inflammatory\nresponses of bovine oviductal epithelial cells in vitro to bacterial\nspecies with distinct pathogenicity characteristics and passage number","volume":"106","author":"Danesh Mesgaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081910172944700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10060839","article-title":"Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunization\nwith DNA Vaccine and Modified Recombinant Proteins Enhances Immune\nResponse against in Mice","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081910172944700_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3519","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.11.3519-3524.2003","article-title":"Tylosin\nresistance in Arcanobacterium pyogenes is encoded by an erm X determinant","volume":"47","author":"Jost","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081910172944700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073974","article-title":"Phenotypic\nCharacteristics,\nAntimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence Genotype Features of Trueperella\npyogenes Associated with Endometritis of Dairy Cows","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081910172944700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.115972","article-title":"Differential endometrial cell sensitivity to\na cholesterol-dependent cytolysin links Trueperella pyogenes to uterine\ndisease in cattle","volume":"90","author":"Amos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00264","article-title":"Bovine Endometrial\nEpithelial Cells\nScale Their Pro-inflammatory Response In vitro to Pathogenic Trueperella\npyogenes Isolated from the Bovine Uterus in a Strain-Specific Manner","volume":"7","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081910172944700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.07.004","article-title":"Effects\nof intrauterine infusion of Trueperella pyogenes on endometrial mRNA\nexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and luteolytic cascade genes\nand their association with luteal life span in dairy cows","volume":"84","author":"Lima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081910172944700_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00545-z","article-title":"Synthetic vitamin K analogs inhibit\ninflammation by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"18","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081910172944700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.01.009","article-title":"Orchestration\nof NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Ion Fluxes","volume":"39","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01916","article-title":"The Potential Therapeutic\nRole of miR-223 in Bovine Endometritis by Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081910172944700_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-022-00891-0","article-title":"Dextran sodium sulfate potentiates NLRP3 inflammasome\nactivation\nby modulating the KCa3.1 potassium channel in a mouse model of colitis","volume":"19","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081910172944700_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2021.06.010","article-title":"Cell biology\nof\ninflammasome activation","volume":"31","author":"Pandey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081910172944700_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.08.004","article-title":"Tight Junction Structure\nand Function Revisited","volume":"30","author":"Otani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081910172944700_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2016.80","article-title":"Tight junctions:\nfrom simple barriers to multifunctional molecular gates","volume":"17","author":"Zihni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081910172944700_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a002584","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a002584","article-title":"Physiology and function of the tight junction","volume":"1","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-012110-142150","article-title":"Tight junction\npore and leak pathways: a dynamic duo","volume":"73","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu.\nRev. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081910172944700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a029181","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029181","article-title":"Cell-Cell\nJunctions Organize Structural\nand Signaling Networks","volume":"10","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect\nBiol."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04440.x","article-title":"Zonula occludens-1\nand \u22122 are cytosolic scaffolds\nthat regulate the assembly of cellular junctions","volume":"1165","author":"Fanning","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081910172944700_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2024.13313","article-title":"Indole-3-propionic\nacid alleviates intestinal epithelial cell injury\nvia regulation of the TLR4\/NF-kappaB pathway to improve intestinal\nbarrier function","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081910172944700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2023.152386","article-title":"miR-146a-5p regulates autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome\nactivation in epithelial barrier damage in the in vitro cell model\nof ulcerative colitis through the RNF8\/Notch1\/mTORC1 pathway","volume":"228","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.08.008","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory capacity of Lactobacillus\nrhamnosus GG in monophasic variant Salmonella infected piglets is\ncorrelated with impeding NLRP6-mediated host inflammatory responses","volume":"210","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00977","article-title":"Probiotic\nLactobacillus rhamnosus GG Induces Alterations in Ileal\nMicrobiota With Associated CD3(\u2212)CD19(\u2212)T-bet(+)IFNgamma(\u00b1)\nCell Subset Homeostasis in Pigs Challenged With Salmonella enterica\nSerovar 4,[5],12:i","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081910172944700_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-016-0382-7","article-title":"Lactobacillus\nrhamnosus\nGR-1 Limits Escherichia coli-Induced Inflammatory Responses via Attenuating\nMyD88-Dependent and MyD88-Independent Pathway Activation in Bovine\nEndometrial Epithelial Cells","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081910172944700_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22856-y","article-title":"Influence of intrauterine\nadministration of Lactobacillus\nbuchneri on reproductive performance and pro-inflammatory endometrial\nmRNA expression of cows with subclinical endometritis","volume":"8","author":"Peter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020100185","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202010.0185.v1","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 ameliorates Trueperella pyogenes\u2013induced barrier dysfunction\nof bovine endometrial epithelial cells","author":"Ning Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Preprint"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081910172944700_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073974","article-title":"Phenotypic Characteristics,\nAntimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence Genotype Features of Associated\nwith Endometritis of Dairy Cows","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol.\nSci."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01661","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus\nGR-1 Ameliorates\nEscherichia coli-Induced Activation of NLRP3 and NLRC4 Inflammasomes\nWith Differential Requirement for ASC","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front.\nMicrobiol."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.34133\/research.1090","article-title":"Lycopene Antagonizes\nDeoxynivalenol-Induced Porcine\nIntestinal Epithelial Cell Senescence by Inhibiting TXNIP-Mediated\nNLRP3 Inflammasome Activation","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2026","journal-title":"Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081910172944700_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10010137","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus Ameliorates Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacillus cereus-Induced Cell Damage through Inhibition of\nNLRP3 Inflammasomes and Apoptosis in Bovine Endometritis","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.34133\/research.1251","article-title":"Lycopene Alleviates\nDeoxynivalenol-Induced Porcine\nIntestinal Epithelial Barrier Injury by Inhibiting PGAM5-Mediated\nMitophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081910172944700_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119793","article-title":"Detection and characterisation of Lactobacillus spp.\nin the bovine uterus and their influence on bovine endometrial epithelial\ncells in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Gartner","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/256490","article-title":"Vaginal microbiota\nand the use of\nprobiotics","volume":"2008","author":"Cribby","year":"2008","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Perspect. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-19","article-title":"Characterisation\nof the bacterial microbiota of the vagina of dairy cows and isolation\nof pediocin-producing Pediococcus acidilactici","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081910172944700_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13291","article-title":"Sensing between\nreactions - how the metabolic microenvironment\nshapes immunity","volume":"197","author":"Lotscher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081910172944700_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2015.95","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms\nregulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"13","author":"Jo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell.\nMol. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081910172944700_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0318-0","article-title":"A multicomponent toxin\nfrom Bacillus cereus\nincites inflammation and shapes host outcome via the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"4","author":"Mathur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081910172944700_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.06.007","article-title":"Caspase activation:\nrevisiting the induced proximity model","volume":"117","author":"Shi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081910172944700_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11671","article-title":"A combination\nof lactic acid bacteria regulates Escherichia coli infection and inflammation\nof the bovine endometrium","volume":"100","author":"Genis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081910172944700_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5225","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3428","article-title":"Definitions\nand diagnosis of postpartum endometritis in dairy cows","volume":"93","author":"Dubuc","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081910172944700_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.12.019","article-title":"Postpartum\nuterine disease and dairy herd reproductive performance: a review","volume":"176","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026081910172944700_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.017","article-title":"Association between\nendometritis\ndiagnosis using a novel intravaginal device and reproductive performance\nin dairy cattle","volume":"99","author":"McDougall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06613.x","article-title":"Tight junctions\non the move: molecular mechanisms for epithelial barrier regulation","volume":"1258","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671152","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1671152","article-title":"Probiotics\nand the intestinal tight\njunction barrier function","volume":"13","author":"Ferris","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev.\nBiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081910172944700_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.09.054","article-title":"Potential\nof lactic acid bacteria at regulating infection and inflammation of\nbovine endometrium","volume":"85","author":"Geni\u0301s","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809674","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.809674","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 Alleviates Escherichia coli-Induced Inflammation NF-\u03baB and MAPKs Signaling in Bovine Endometrial\nEpithelial Cells","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026081910172944700_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22856-y","article-title":"Influence of intrauterine administration of Lactobacillus buchneri on reproductive performance and pro-inflammatory\nendometrial mRNA expression of cows with subclinical endometritis","volume":"8","author":"Peter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural\nand Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04603","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/32\/24989\/66470314\/acs.jafc.6c04603.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/32\/24989\/66470314\/acs.jafc.6c04603.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:25:54Z","timestamp":1787149554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/74\/32\/24989\/5251046\/Lactobacillus-rhamnosus-GR-1-Coameliorates-Tight"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04603","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]}}}