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Here, Escherichia coli bacterioferritin (EcBFR), which naturally binds up to 12 heme molecules through Met52 at the 2-fold symmetry axis, was investigated as a dual-iron delivery platform. EcBFR exhibited excellent thermal stability, maintaining saturated heme binding, structural integrity, and oligomeric assembly after heat treatment. It accommodated up to approximately 800 Fe atoms per nanocage, forming a predominantly ferrihydrite mineral core without compromising its structural integrity. In a Caco-2 cell model, EcBFR-mediated iron delivery resulted in significantly greater cellular iron uptake than that of free heme or ferrous sulfate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T17:01:26Z","timestamp":1787245286000},"page":"27157-27167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Bacterioferritin-Based\nPlatform for Iron Supplementation\nvia Integrated Delivery of Heme and Non-heme Iron"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Geng","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Dalian, China, 116034"]},{"name":"Dalian Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Dalian, China, 116034"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yishen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2757-8008","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuzhen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Dalian, China, 116034"]},{"name":"Dalian Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Dalian, China, 116034"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0566-9726","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiachen","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5872-8529","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ming","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Dalian, China, 116034"]},{"name":"Dalian Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Dalian, China, 116034"]},{"name":"Dalian Ocean University , , ,","place":["Dalian, China, 116023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"2026090311493410100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4504","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1876623","article-title":"Iron supplementation\nand iron-fortified foods: a review","volume":"62","author":"Man","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. 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Chem., Int.\nEd."},{"key":"2026090311493410100_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.145803","article-title":"Comparative\nanalysis on the performance of thermostability and iron incorporation\nof two ferritins from Sinonovacula constricta and Tegillarca granosa","volume":"493","author":"Ming","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026090311493410100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16937","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.1c01554","article-title":"Alteration\nof Coaxial Heme Ligands\nReveals the Role of Heme in Bacterioferritin from Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"60","author":"Mohanty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"2026090311493410100_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.175","article-title":"Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) ferritin\ncan efficiently\nreduce the damage of Pb2+ in vivo by electrostatic attraction","volume":"210","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090311493410100_cit29a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.1021\/ja011447q","article-title":"Deuterium Structural Effects in Inorganic\nand Bioinorganic Aggregates","volume":"124","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090311493410100_cit29b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1006\/jsbi.1999.4118","article-title":"Mineralization in Ferritin: An Efficient\nMeans of Iron Storage","volume":"126","author":"Chasteen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090311493410100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"mfab021","DOI":"10.1093\/mtomcs\/mfab021","article-title":"Chemistry and biology of ferritin","volume":"13","author":"Plays","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090311493410100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.12.006","article-title":"Bioavailability\nof iron from plant\nand animal ferritins","volume":"26","author":"Lv","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090311493410100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.06.025","article-title":"Identification of an Intestinal Heme Transporter","volume":"122","author":"Shayeghi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7498","key":"2026090311493410100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13148","article-title":"Quantitative\nproteomics identifies NCOA4 as the cargo receptor mediating ferritinophagy","volume":"509","author":"Mancias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"29","key":"2026090311493410100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.0c00246","article-title":"Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies\nof the Interaction of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator-4 (NCOA4) with\nHuman Ferritin","volume":"59","author":"Srivastava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090311493410100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01753-y","article-title":"Ferritinophagy: research\nadvance and clinical significance in cancers","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discovery"}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural\nand Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04733","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/34\/27157\/66912718\/acs.jafc.6c04733.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/34\/27157\/66912718\/acs.jafc.6c04733.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:24:33Z","timestamp":1788452673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/74\/34\/27157\/5278480\/A-Novel-Bacterioferritin-Based-Platform-for-Iron"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"34","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04733","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]}}}