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Hydrolysis conditions were optimized to retain tryptophan and selected oxidation products, with 6 M HCl containing 0.2% tryptamine under O2-deprived conditions providing the best results. Plasma treatment significantly decreased tryptophan, histidine and tyrosine, while other amino acids were minimally affected. Methionine remained unaffected despite its known susceptibility to oxidation. Tryptophan oxidation products kynurenine\/N\u2032-formylkynurenine (quantified as kynurenine) and oxindolylalanine increased. Peptide level analysis showed significant increases in several oxidized peptide forms, predominantly involving solvent accessible residues, including tryptophan modifications assigned to W[+4] (kynurenine\/N\u2032-formylkynurenine), W[+20] (hydroxykynurenine) and W[+14] (oxidation and dehydrogenation) and conversion of histidine to asparagine. Protein level analysis with SDS-PAGE revealed both reducible and reduction-stable oligomers, consistent with disulfide-mediated and additional covalent cross-linking, respectively. Lower-molecular-weight bands suggested limited fragmentation. These findings provide insight into protein modifications relevant to plasma-based food decontamination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:02:59Z","timestamp":1789995779000},"page":"30268-30282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Amino Acid, Peptide,\nand Protein Level Mapping of\nLysozyme Oxidation by Ozone-Dominated Nonthermal Plasma"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8726-1015","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joke","family":"Sierens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University , , Coupure Links 653 , ,","place":["Ghent, Belgium, 9000"]},{"name":"Ghent University , , Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 , ,","place":["Ghent, Belgium, 9000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Van de Walle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University , , Coupure Links 653 , ,","place":["Ghent, Belgium, 9000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aeren","family":"Pauwels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University , , Coupure Links 653 , ,","place":["Ghent, Belgium, 9000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2255-6419","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anton","family":"Nikiforov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University , , Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 , ,","place":["Ghent, Belgium, 9000"]},{"name":"University of Antwerp , , Campus Groenenborger, Groenenborgerlaan 171 , ,","place":["Antwerp, Belgium, BE-2020"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"De Geyter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University , , Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 , ,","place":["Ghent, Belgium, 9000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-5567","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruno","family":"De Meulenaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University , , Coupure Links 653 , ,","place":["Ghent, Belgium, 9000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026093009074645700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02660-15","article-title":"Mechanisms of Inactivation by High-Voltage\nAtmospheric Cold Plasma Differ for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"82","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. 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