{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:18:14Z","timestamp":1788254294932,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFF1104304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1104304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chalaza (CLZ), a byproduct generated during egg processing, has shown potential to promote calcium absorption, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In a low-calcium growing rat model, coadministration of CLZ with CaCO3 dose-dependently increased apparent calcium absorption and retention, enhanced bone calcium deposition, and improved bone microarchitecture and mechanical properties compared with CaCO3 alone. These effects were accompanied by improved duodenal morphology, upregulation of intestinal calcium transport-related proteins (TRPV6, PMCA1b, and S100G\/CaBP-D9k), and associated gut microbiota and SCFA changes. Representative digestion-derived peptides were synthesized and showed calcium-chelating capacity, inhibition of calcium phosphate crystallization, gastrointestinal calcium release, and thermal stability, supporting their role as exploratory calcium-binding candidates. Overall, this study supports the potential application of the high-value utilization of egg byproducts and the development of efficient calcium supplementation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:02:41Z","timestamp":1786636961000},"page":"26274-26289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Egg Chalaza Improves\nCalcium Utilization in Growing\nRats: Evidence from Intestinal Aspects"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Shenwan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qimeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4338-7033","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hongshan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7763-4245","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430070"]},{"name":"Shihezi University , , , ,","place":["Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 832003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9229-2263","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-8512-7_6","article-title":"Solving the Problem of Nutritional\nDeficiencies in Children","volume-title":"Healthy Food\nfor Children","author":"Li","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-8512-7_1","article-title":"Introduction\nto Nutrition and\nHealth of Children","volume-title":"Healthy Food for Children","author":"Wang","year":"2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090104475050300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3288-6","article-title":"Life-course\napproach to nutrition","volume":"26","author":"Mitchell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090104475050300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14886","article-title":"Calcium status assessment\nat the population level: Candidate approaches and challenges","volume":"1517","author":"Rana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2025.106718","article-title":"Improving calcium Bioavailability:\nStrategies, challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"68","author":"Barbosa-Nun\u0303ez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2024.11.003","article-title":"Gut-bone axis perturbation: Mechanisms\nand interventions via gut microbiota as a primary driver of osteoporosis","volume":"50","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Translat."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090104475050300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1159\/000541999","article-title":"Gut Microbiota-Bone Axis","volume":"81","author":"Indrio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann.\nNutr. Metab."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.117179","article-title":"Effects of yeast protein\non the promotion of intestinal calcium absorption (in vivo\/in vitro)\nand bone formation (in vivo) in rats fed by normal and low-calcium\ndiets","volume":"220","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090104475050300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050664","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Colostrum\nBasic Protein on Bone\nGrowth and Calcium Absorption in Mice","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090104475050300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103629","article-title":"Integrated landscape\nof chicken egg chalaza proteomics","volume":"103","author":"Pu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090104475050300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.01.032","article-title":"Casein phosphopeptides modulate calcium\nuptake and apoptosis in Caco2 cells through their interaction with\nthe TRPV6 calcium channel","volume":"5","author":"Perego","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134335","article-title":"Glycosylated peptide-calcium\nchelate: Characterization, calcium absorption promotion and prebiotic\neffect","volume":"403","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.112869","article-title":"Chitosan oligosaccharides-tripolyphosphate\nmicrocapsules as efficient\nvehicles for desalted duck egg white peptides-calcium: Fabrication,\nentrapment mechanism and in vivo calcium absorption studies","volume":"154","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.118163","article-title":"Production of peptide-calcium\nchelates from eggshell\nmembranes: A comparison of high-pressure homogenization versus enzymatic\nhydrolysis","volume":"228","author":"Qi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.140975","article-title":"Glycated walnut meal peptide-calcium\nchelates (COS-MMGGED-Ca): Preparation, characterization, and calcium\nabsorption-promoting","volume":"462","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.143889","article-title":"Bioactives\nderived from egg by-products: Preparation, health benefits, and high-value-added\napplications","volume":"480","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2024.104364","article-title":"Potential\ndietary calcium supplement: Calcium-chelating peptides\nand peptide-calcium complexes derived from blue food proteins","volume":"145","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.145124","article-title":"The preparation of food-derived peptides\nfor calcium delivery: formation\nroutes, binding mechanisms and strategies to enhance biofunctionality","volume":"490","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2019.105567","article-title":"Two novel calcium delivery\nsystems fabricated by casein phosphopeptides and chitosan oligosaccharides:\nPreparation, characterization, and bioactive studies","volume":"102","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloids"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090104475050300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.259085","article-title":"Bone Turnover Markers in the Diagnosis\nand Monitoring of Metabolic Bone Disease","volume":"63","author":"Greenblatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin.\nChem."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090104475050300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100665","article-title":"Bone mineral status\nafter pediatric\nspinal cord injury","volume":"36","author":"Kannisto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090104475050300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.31.2000218","article-title":"Baseline bone mineral\ndensity and bone turnover in\npre-operative hip and knee arthroplasty patients","volume":"3","author":"James","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026090104475050300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5703","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO03468A","article-title":"The modulatory effect and implication\nof gut microbiota\non osteoporosis: from the perspective of \u201cbrain\u2013gut\u2013bone\u201d\naxis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563967","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1563967","article-title":"Unravelling\nthe link between chronic inflammation and primary hyperparathyroidism:\na systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Gheorghe-Milea","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059369","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1059369","article-title":"The calcium-sensing\nreceptor in inflammation: Recent\nupdates","volume":"13","author":"Iamartino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1039\/D5FO05057J","article-title":"Konjac Oligosaccharides\nPromote Calcium Absorption\nand Bone Health in Growing Mice","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921773","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.921773","article-title":"Linkages of Various\nCalcium Sources on Immune Performance, Diarrhea Rate, Intestinal Barrier,\nand Post-gut Microbial Structure and Function in Piglets","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090104475050300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh007","article-title":"Nonmonotonic Dose-Response Relationships: Mechanistic\nBasis, Kinetic Modeling, and Implications for Risk Assessment","volume":"77","author":"Conolly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090104475050300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-010-0131-2","article-title":"Intestinal goblet\ncells and mucins in health and disease: recent\ninsights and progress","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Gastroenterol.\nRep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090104475050300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11811-8","article-title":"VAMP8-mediated\nMUC2 mucin exocytosis from colonic goblet cells maintains innate intestinal\nhomeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Cornick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090104475050300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.09.007","article-title":"High-protein diet differently modifies\nintestinal goblet cell characteristics and mucosal cytokine expression\nin ileum and colon","volume":"26","author":"Lan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090104475050300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-024-00273-y","article-title":"Calcium-rich dairy matrix protects better than\nmineral calcium against colonic luminal haem-induced alterations in\nmale rats","volume":"8","author":"Olier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Sci. Food"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090104475050300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11020-y","article-title":"Hindgut\nmicrobiota profiling and functional prediction\nof sheep (Ovis aries) fed with different dietary calcium levels","volume":"15","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"7484","key":"2026090104475050300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","article-title":"Diet rapidly and reproducibly\nalters the human gut microbiome","volume":"505","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090104475050300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-021-00675-x","article-title":"The Gut Microbiome:\na New Frontier in Musculoskeletal Research","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090104475050300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020548","article-title":"Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis\nand Gut Microbiota:\nNot just a Gut-Kidney Axis. A Nutritional Perspective","volume":"12","author":"Ticinesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.118023","article-title":"Which factors impact calcium bioaccessibility in dairy\nand plant-based products during static in vitro digestion?","volume":"225","author":"Le Foll","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090104475050300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.98.BJR-2020-0089.R1","article-title":"Gut microbiome\nand osteoporosis","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026090104475050300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17213421","article-title":"The Mediating Role\nof Bioactive Molecules in Gut Microbiota\u2013Bone\nMetabolism Crosstalk","volume":"17","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7480","key":"2026090104475050300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12726","article-title":"Metabolites produced\nby commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation","volume":"504","author":"Arpaia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090104475050300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02490-4","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids\nregulate systemic bone mass and protect from pathological bone loss","volume":"9","author":"Lucas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090104475050300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.10.013","article-title":"The\nMicrobial Metabolite Butyrate Stimulates Bone Formation via T Regulatory\nCell-Mediated Regulation of WNT10B Expression","volume":"49","author":"Tyagi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090104475050300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.307409","article-title":"Contribution of Gut Bacteria to Lipid\nLevels","volume":"117","author":"Allayee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090104475050300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107386","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2107386","article-title":"Approaches to discern if microbiome associations\nreflect causation in metabolic and immune disorders","volume":"14","author":"Basic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.121516","article-title":"Characterization of moxa floss combustion\nby TG\/DSC,\nTG-FTIR and IR","volume":"288","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090104475050300_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1021\/jf990600l","article-title":"Preparation of Novel\nFunctional Oligophosphopeptides from Hen Egg\nYolk Phosvitin","volume":"48","author":"Jiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"2026090104475050300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2023.03.031","article-title":"Casein calcium-binding\npeptides: Preparation, characterization, and\npromotion of calcium uptake in Caco-2 cell monolayers","volume":"130","author":"Lao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026090104475050300_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8569","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c09916","article-title":"Characterization\nand Mechanism of a Novel Rice Protein Peptide (AHVGMSGEEPE) Calcium\nChelate in Enhancing Calcium Absorption in Caco-2 Cells","volume":"72","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural\nand Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04901","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/33\/26274\/66532745\/acs.jafc.6c04901.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/33\/26274\/66532745\/acs.jafc.6c04901.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:47:59Z","timestamp":1788252479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/74\/33\/26274\/5254642\/Egg-Chalaza-Improves-Calcium-Utilization-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04901","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]}}}