{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:00:32Z","timestamp":1790776832627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFE0104800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFE0104800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Projects of Wuhan City","award":["2025021102020384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025021102020384"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["2024AFB734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024AFB734"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a major food-borne pathogen with limited treatment options. Targeting Shiga toxin (Stx) represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Using artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted de novo protein design combined with bacterial surface display screening, pull-down assays, and biolayer interferometry, we identified protein binders against the Stx2a B subunit (Stx2aB), among which Binder506 exhibited high affinity. Structural modeling predicted a three-\u03b1-helix fold, consistent with circular dichroism analysis, while differential scanning fluorimetry revealed high thermostability. Importantly, Binder506 demonstrated potent Stx2a-neutralizing activity with minimal intrinsic cytotoxicity in Vero cells. Size-exclusion chromatography and coimmunoprecipitation showed that Binder506 did not disrupt Stx2a holotoxin integrity. Instead, cellular binding and internalization assays demonstrated that Binder506 inhibited Stx2a attachment to and uptake by Vero cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the potential of AI-assisted de novo protein design for generating effective Stx-neutralizing proteins and establish a promising framework for the development of novel therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:02:12Z","timestamp":1789574532000},"page":"30208-30220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial Intelligence-Aided\n                    <i>De Novo<\/i>\n                    Design of\nHigh-Affinity Protein Binders Against Shiga Toxin 2"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Xianglin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaixia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixia","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaowen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University , , ,","place":["Newcastle Upon, Tyne, U.K., NE2 4HH"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]},{"name":"International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]},{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]},{"name":"The HZAU-HVSEN Institute , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1600-1169","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]},{"name":"International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]},{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, 430070"]},{"name":"The HZAU-HVSEN Institute , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026093009070313900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00447-25","article-title":"Long-term impacts\nof untreated dairy manure on the\nmicrobiome and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli persistence in agricultural soil","volume":"91","author":"Richter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Environ.\nMicrobiol."},{"key":"2026093009070313900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268899003623","article-title":"Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and Shiga\ntoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection in children\nin France. The Socie\u0301te\u0301 de Ne\u0301phrologie Pe\u0301diatrique","volume":"124","author":"Decludt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093009070313900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2.5.19","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.ehec-0011-2013","article-title":"Shiga Toxin (Verotoxin)-Producing Escherichia coli in Japan","volume":"2","author":"Terajima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol.\nSpectr."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093009070313900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12020067","article-title":"Shiga toxin-associated\nhemolytic uremic syndrome: A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Joseph","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026093009070313900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1106483","article-title":"Epidemic profile of\nShiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany","volume":"365","author":"Frank","year":"2011","journal-title":"N.\nEngl. J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026093009070313900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.202","article-title":"The European Union One Health 2024 Zoonoses Report","volume":"23","year":"2025","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026093009070313900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4806","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00623-08","article-title":"Evaluation of major types of Shiga toxin 2e-producing Escherichia coli bacteria present in food, pigs, and the\nenvironment as potential pathogens for humans","volume":"74","author":"Beutin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026093009070313900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-022-03114-2","article-title":"Virulence and antimicrobial-resistance of shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) isolated from edible shellfish and its public\nhealth significance","volume":"204","author":"Qabili","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093009070313900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.37.3.497-503.1999","article-title":"Associations between\nvirulence factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and disease in humans","volume":"37","author":"Boerlin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026093009070313900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.04.019","article-title":"Overview of the role of Shiga toxins in porcine edema\ndisease pathogenesis","volume":"148","author":"Casanova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093009070313900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-015-7236-3","article-title":"Shiga toxins: from\nstructure and mechanism to applications","volume":"100","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl.\nMicrobiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009070313900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17024","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-01686-9","article-title":"Enhancing Shiga toxin detection using surface plasmon\nresonance a study of antibody immobilization strategies","volume":"15","author":"Karbalaee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009070313900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.126.1.53","article-title":"Retrograde\ntransport from the Golgi complex to the ER of both Shiga toxin and\nthe nontoxic Shiga B-fragment is regulated by butyric acid and cAMP","volume":"126","author":"Sandvig","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026093009070313900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9640","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179640","article-title":"The roles of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in infectious diseases","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009070313900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)02204-3","article-title":"Shiga toxin activates\np38 MAP kinase through cellular Ca(2+) increase in Vero cells","volume":"485","author":"Ikeda","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093009070313900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12124","article-title":"The oxidative stress\ninduced in vivo by Shiga toxin-2 contributes to the pathogenicity\nof haemolytic uraemic syndrome","volume":"173","author":"Gomez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"2026093009070313900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00081","article-title":"Shiga toxin\nin enterohemorrhagic E. coli: regulation and novel\nanti-virulence strategies","volume":"2","author":"Pacheco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect.\nMicrobiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093009070313900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03036.x","article-title":"Systematic review:\nare antibiotics\ndetrimental or beneficial for the treatment of patients with Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection?","volume":"24","author":"Panos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009070313900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00598-23","article-title":"A novel Shiga\ntoxin 2a neutralizing antibody therapeutic with low immunogenicity\nand high efficacy","volume":"68","author":"Kirkland","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093009070313900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-020-0474-4","article-title":"Functional dissection of the retrograde Shiga toxin\ntrafficking inhibitor Retro-2","volume":"16","author":"Forrester","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093009070313900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02413.x","article-title":"In vitro assessment\nof a chemically synthesized Shiga toxin receptor analog attached to\nchromosorb P (Synsorb Pk) as a specific absorbing agent of Shiga toxin\n1 and 2","volume":"43","author":"Takeda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009070313900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01022-09","article-title":"An orally\napplicable Shiga toxin neutralizer functions in the intestine to inhibit\nthe intracellular transport of the toxin","volume":"78","author":"Watanabe-Takahashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect.\nImmun."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026093009070313900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00239-24","article-title":"An anti-Shiga toxin VHH nanobody\nmultimer protects\nmice against fatal toxicosis when administered intramuscularly as\nrepRNA","volume":"92","author":"Robinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2026093009070313900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2014.01.013","article-title":"Inhibition of extracellular\nHMGB1 attenuates hyperoxia-induced inflammatory acute lung injury","volume":"2","author":"Entezari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093009070313900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/s44320-024-00016-x","article-title":"Deep learning for protein\nstructure prediction and\ndesign\u2013progress and applications","volume":"20","author":"Ja\u0308nes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol.\nSyst. Biol."},{"issue":"8095","key":"2026093009070313900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09721-5","article-title":"Atomically accurate de novo design of antibodies with RFdiffusion","volume":"649","author":"Bennett","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009070313900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52582-1","article-title":"De novo design of mini-protein binders\nbroadly neutralizing Clostridioides difficile toxin B variants","volume":"15","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026093009070313900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128666","article-title":"De novo design of a protein binder\nagainst Staphylococcus enterotoxin B","volume":"257","author":"Ming","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"7976","key":"2026093009070313900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06415-8","article-title":"De novo design of protein structure and function with RFdiffusion","volume":"620","author":"Watson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6615","key":"2026093009070313900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add2187","article-title":"Robust deep learning-based protein\nsequence design using ProteinMPNN","volume":"378","author":"Dauparas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026093009070313900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463034","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.10.04.463034","article-title":"Protein complex prediction with AlphaFold-Multimer","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009070313900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158708","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2022.2158708","article-title":"Genome-wide\nidentification of genes critical for in vivo fitness\nof multi-drug resistant porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli by transposon-directed insertion site sequencing\nusing a mouse infection model","volume":"14","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026093009070313900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.15.4197-4204.2002","article-title":"Antigen 43-mediated\nautotransporter display, a versatile bacterial cell surface presentation\nsystem","volume":"184","author":"Kjaergaard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026093009070313900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source\nplatform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat.\nMethods"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026093009070313900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3676","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw514","article-title":"PRODIGY: a\nweb server for predicting the binding affinity of protein-protein\ncomplexes","volume":"32","author":"Xue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026093009070313900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.4792","article-title":"UCSF ChimeraX:\nTools for structure\nbuilding and analysis","volume":"32","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009070313900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38328-5","article-title":"Improving de novo protein binder design with deep\nlearning","volume":"14","author":"Bennett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"7998","key":"2026093009070313900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06953-1","article-title":"De novo design of high-affinity binders of bioactive helical\npeptides","volume":"626","author":"Va\u0301zquez Torres","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"39","key":"2026093009070313900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2509329122","article-title":"De novo design of\npotent inhibitors of clostridial family toxins","volume":"122","author":"Ragotte","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"2026093009070313900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"08.14.670059","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.08.14.670059","article-title":"Predicting experimental\nsuccess in de novo binder design: a meta-analysis\nof 3,766 experimentally\ncharacterised binders","volume":"2025","author":"Overath","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009070313900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-67866-3","article-title":"Improved protein binder\ndesign using \u03b2-pairing targeted RFdiffusion","volume":"17","author":"Sappington","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6757","key":"2026093009070313900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adr8063","article-title":"Design of\nintrinsically disordered region binding proteins","volume":"389","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026093009070313900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4789","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.17.4789-4796.2000","article-title":"Antigen 43 from Escherichia coli induces inter- and intraspecies cell aggregation\nand changes in colony morphology of Pseudomonas fluorescens","volume":"182","author":"Kjargaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009070313900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-019-0248-6","article-title":"Antigen-43-mediated\nsurface display revealed in Escherichia coli by different\nfusion sites and proteins","volume":"6","author":"Jing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Bioprocess."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009070313900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087022","article-title":"Effects of Escherichia coli subtilase\ncytotoxin and Shiga toxin 2 on primary cultures of human\nrenal tubular epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"Ma\u0301rquez","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093009070313900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/73111","article-title":"A new biological\nagent for treatment\nof Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli infections and\ndysentery in humans","volume":"6","author":"Paton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093009070313900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engmic.2023.100104","article-title":"The diverse landscape\nof AB5-type toxins","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6770","key":"2026093009070313900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/35001095","article-title":"Shiga-like\ntoxins are neutralized by tailored multivalent carbohydrate ligands","volume":"403","author":"Kitov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026093009070313900_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.10.1337","article-title":"Effect of\nan Oral Shiga toxin\u2013binding agent on diarrhea-associated hemolytic\nuremic syndrome in children: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"290","author":"Trachtman","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093009070313900_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10030108","article-title":"Structural basis for the specific\nneutralization of Stx2a with a camelid single domain antibody fragment","volume":"10","author":"Bernedo-Navarro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"2026093009070313900_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.134365","article-title":"Discovery and design of an aptamer that inhibits Shiga\ntoxin type 2 activity by blocking Stx2 B subunit-Gb3 interaction","volume":"277","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093009070313900_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01622-3","article-title":"Eliglustat\nprevents Shiga toxin 2 cytotoxic effects\nin human renal tubular epithelial cells","volume":"91","author":"Sa\u0301nchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr.\nRes."}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural\nand Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04991","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/38\/30208\/68534312\/acs.jafc.6c04991.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/38\/30208\/68534312\/acs.jafc.6c04991.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:30:42Z","timestamp":1790775042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/74\/38\/30208\/5431443\/Artificial-Intelligence-Aided-De-Novo-Design-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c04991","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]}}}