{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:44:58Z","timestamp":1792590298769,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1700300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1700300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a globally important industrial crop, yet its productivity is severely threatened by bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum. In this study, integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics profiling of tobacco plants infected with R. solanacearum identified 571 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), peaking at 96 h postinoculation (hpi). Among 88 alkaloid DAMs, six plumerane alkaloids (indole, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 3-indoleacetonitrile (IAN), methoxyindoleacetic acid (MIAA), N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, and N-acetylisatin) showed the most pronounced accumulation. Functional assays demonstrated that indole and IAN directly inhibited bacterial growth by disrupting membrane integrity. In contrast, MIAA displayed no direct antibacterial activity but significantly reduced the disease index by inducing a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and upregulating the expression of defense-related genes. These findings establish plumerane alkaloids as critical contributors to plant chemical defense against bacterial wilt and identify MIAA as a promising plant-derived elicitor for disease control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c05222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:01:30Z","timestamp":1791730890000},"page":"32333-32345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolic Analysis\nReveals Alkaloid-Mediated Resistance\nof Tobacco against\n                    <i>Ralstonia solanacearum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongkai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijia","family":"Cu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouling","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2438-622X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102109082733900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00974","article-title":"Genome sequencing of Ralstonia solanacearum CQPS-1, a phylotype I strain collected from a highland area with\ncontinuous cropping of tobacco","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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Phytopathol."},{"key":"2026102109082733900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2022.12.002","article-title":"Getting\nto the root of Ralstonia invasion","volume":"148\u2212149","author":"Rivera-Zuluaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026102109082733900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhisph.2022.100479","article-title":"Ralstonia solanacearum, a deadly pathogen: Revisiting the bacterial wilt biocontrol practices\nin tobacco and other Solanaceae","volume":"21","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rhizosphere"},{"key":"2026102109082733900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.120752","article-title":"Single-nucleus transcriptome\nanalysis reveals the cellular and molecular responses of tobacco roots\nto Ralstonia solanacearum invasion","volume":"226","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ind. 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Plant Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026102109082733900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5170","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6557","article-title":"Sustainable natural\nbioresources in crop protection: Antimicrobial hydroxycoumarins induce\nmembrane depolarization-associated changes in the transcriptome of Ralstonia solanacearum","volume":"77","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pest Manage.\nSci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102109082733900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c09446","article-title":"Integrated\ndual-transcriptome and metabolome analyses provide insights into fruit\nsymptom development caused by Huanglongbing in Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Wokan","volume":"74","author":"Fang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102109082733900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c08160","article-title":"Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals insights\ninto flavone and flavonol biosynthesis in salicylic acid-induced Citrus Huanglongbing tolerance","volume":"73","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J.\nAgric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"27","key":"2026102109082733900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16847","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c11910","article-title":"Comprehensive\ntranscriptomic profiling\nof Citrus australasica unveils antimicrobial peptides\nand immune pathways for Huanglongbing tolerance","volume":"73","author":"Younas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"2026102109082733900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376405","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1376405","article-title":"Combining association with linkage\nmapping to dissect the phenolamides\nmetabolism of the maize kernel","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Plant\nSci."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026102109082733900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraa582","article-title":"Phenolamides\nin plants: An update on their function, regulation, and origin of\ntheir biosynthetic enzymes","volume":"72","author":"Roumani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. 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Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026102109082733900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.09.014","article-title":"A plant pathogen type\nIII effector protein subverts translational regulation to boost host\npolyamine levels","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"2026102109082733900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00036","article-title":"Arabidopsis NITRILASE 1 contributes\nto the regulation of root growth and development\nthrough modulation of auxin biosynthesis in seedlings","volume":"8","author":"Lehmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"2026102109082733900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948901","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.948901","article-title":"Distinct GmASMTs are involved in regulating transcription\nfactors and signalling cross-talk across embryo development, biotic,\nand abiotic stress in soybean","volume":"13","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant\nSci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102109082733900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1914777117","article-title":"Pyridoxal-5\u2032-phosphate-dependent\nbifunctional enzyme catalyzed biosynthesis of indolizidine alkaloids\nin fungi","volume":"117","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. 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Food Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102109082733900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.079467","article-title":"Reactive\noxygen species signaling\nin response to pathogens","volume":"141","author":"Torres","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026102109082733900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.138990","article-title":"The role of WRKY transcription factors in plant immunity","volume":"150","author":"Pandey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102109082733900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2016.08.002","article-title":"ROS are good","volume":"22","author":"Mittler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"2026102109082733900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2025.102639","article-title":"Plant secondary\nmetabolites\nin defense against phytopathogens: Mechanisms, biosynthesis, and applications","volume":"138","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026102109082733900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.5511\/plantbiotechnology.25.0310a","article-title":"Alkaloids as mediators in plant-microbe\ninteractions:\nMetabolism and role in the rhizosphere","volume":"42","author":"Shimasaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant\nBiotechnol."},{"key":"2026102109082733900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00804","article-title":"Synthetic plant defense\nelicitors","volume":"5","author":"Bektas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102109082733900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4816","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60112-w","article-title":"Stomata-targeted nanocarriers enhance plant defense\nagainst pathogen colonization","volume":"16","author":"Puangpathumanond","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural\nand Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c05222","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/41\/32333\/68812875\/acs.jafc.6c05222.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/41\/32333\/68812875\/acs.jafc.6c05222.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:13:45Z","timestamp":1792588425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/74\/41\/32333\/5448603\/Metabolic-Analysis-Reveals-Alkaloid-Mediated"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c05222","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]}}}