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In this study, enzymatic activity and synergism bioassays initially implicated CarE involvement in lambda-cyhalothrin resistance of A. spiraecola. RT-qPCR revealed that AsCarE13 and AsCarE15 were significantly upregulated in the lambda-cyhalothrin resistant strain (LC-R), with predominant expression in the gut and hemolymph, and marked inducibility upon insecticide exposure. RNAi of AsCarE13 and AsCarE15 significantly increased the susceptibility of A. spiraecola to lambda-cyhalothrin by 45.99% and 29.86%, respectively. In contrast to AsCarE15, recombinant AsCarE13 displayed strong \u03b1-NA hydrolytic activity and was competitively inhibited by lambda-cyhalothrin. HPLC and GC\u2013MS\/MS analyses further confirmed that AsCarE13 efficiently hydrolyzed lambda-cyhalothrin to yield 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde, whereas no obvious metabolism was detected for AsCarE15. These results suggest that AsCarE13 plays a key role in the metabolic detoxification of lambda-cyhalothrin in A. spiraecola.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c05555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T19:57:47Z","timestamp":1788465467000},"page":"28807-28817","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional Analysis\nof Two Carboxylesterase Genes\n                    <i>AsCarE13<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>AsCarE15<\/i>\n                    Associated with Lambda-Cyhalothrin\nResistance in\n                    <i>Aphis spiraecola<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]},{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]},{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]},{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxaing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai University , , ,","place":["Xining, China, 810016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6023-8238","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4358-8740","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"He","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]},{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]},{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3355-6131","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]},{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091609092526700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5585","article-title":"Evaluation of Scymnus nubilus (Coleoptera:\nCoccinellidae) as a biological control agent against Aphis spiraecola and Cinara juniperi (Hemiptera:\nAphididae)","volume":"76","author":"Rosagro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pest Manag. 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