{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T15:06:57Z","timestamp":1785942417297,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32572841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32572841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Hubei Province","award":["2024AFE001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024AFE001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Amino acid metabolism plays a key role in regulating interactions between plants and pathogens. Asparaginase hydrolyzes asparagine, a major nitrogen transport and storage amino acid, into aspartate. However, the immune function of plants asparaginase remains largely unknown. Rice possesses two asparaginase genes, OsASNase1 and OsASNase2, the function of which is unknown. In this study, we revealed that both OsASNase1 and OsASNase2 are cytoplasmic asparaginases that hydrolyze asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia. Overexpression of OsASNase1 and OsASNase2 enhanced rice resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens, while knocking them out compromised rice resistance. OsASNase1- and OsASNase2-mediated broad-spectrum disease resistance promote pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity. Conserved autoproteolytic threonine residue is essential for their enzyme activity and immune function, and identified aspartic acid as a key molecule in plant immunity. This study reveals a novel mechanism linking asparagine metabolism to rice immunity and provides a target for breeding disease-resistant crops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c05662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:25:32Z","timestamp":1784805932000},"page":"23404-23413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aspartic Acid Catalyzed by Asparaginase Provides Rice\nwith Broad-Spectrum Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1381-9202","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, China, 430070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080510102158600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00017","article-title":"Regulation of primary\nplant metabolism during plant-pathogen interactions and its contribution\nto plant defense","volume":"5","author":"Rojas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. 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Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080510102158600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koaa042","article-title":"The entry reaction\nof the plant shikimate pathway is subjected to highly complex metabolite-mediated\nregulation","volume":"33","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080510102158600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042811-105439","article-title":"The shikimate pathway and aromatic\namino acid biosynthesis\nin plants","volume":"63","author":"Maeda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. 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Plant Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080510102158600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12122","article-title":"New insights\ninto the regulation of plant immunity by amino acid metabolic pathways","volume":"36","author":"Zeier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant, Cell Environ."},{"key":"2026080510102158600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.04.105","article-title":"The use of asparaginase to reduce\nacrylamide levels in cooked food","volume":"210","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080510102158600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-020-01814-1","article-title":"Microbial l-asparaginase: purification, characterization\nand applications","volume":"202","author":"Muneer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080510102158600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-0973-4","article-title":"Arabidopsis\nmutants lacking asparaginases develop normally but exhibit enhanced\nroot inhibition by exogenous asparagine","volume":"42","author":"Ivanov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amino\nAcids"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080510102158600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcs156","article-title":"The K+-dependent asparaginase,\nNSE1, is crucial for plant growth and seed production in lotus japonicus","volume":"54","author":"Credali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080510102158600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1939-8433-6-32","article-title":"Diversity and genetics of nitrogen-induced\nsusceptibility to the blast fungus in rice and wheat","volume":"6","author":"Ballini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rice"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026080510102158600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6777","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erv382","article-title":"NH4+ protects tomato plants against\nPseudomonas syringae by activation of systemic acquired acclimation","volume":"66","author":"Ferna\u0301ndez-Crespo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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Plant Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080510102158600_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8958","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65249-w","article-title":"Constitutive expression\nof Asparaginase in Gossypium\nhirsutum triggers insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci","volume":"10","author":"Gul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c05662","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/30\/23404\/66221207\/acs.jafc.6c05662.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/30\/23404\/66221207\/acs.jafc.6c05662.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T14:28:35Z","timestamp":1785940115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/74\/30\/23404\/5230393\/Aspartic-Acid-Catalyzed-by-Asparaginase-Provides"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c05662","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]}}}