{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:06:49Z","timestamp":1788991609976,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012421","name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAAS-ZDRW202420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ZDRW202420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Cooperation Project for Nine Affiliations of Agriculture, Rural Affairs, and Farmers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024SNJF031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SNJF031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chinese organic tea market faces potential label misuse, but nitrogen isotope distributions relevant to its authentication remain unclear. This study used isoscapes, normal models, and pot experiments to investigate Chinese organic tea isotopes and fertilizer effects on \u03b415N during the conversion period. Results showed that organic tea exhibits a broad range of \u03b415N values from \u22122.0\u2030 to 5.5\u2030 (P5\u2013P95) with a mean of 1.8\u2030, with organic black tea (P25\u2013P75) showing slightly wider \u03b415N than green tea. The mean \u03b413C, \u03b42H, and \u03b418O values were \u221227.1\u2030, \u221254.1\u2030, and 24.8\u2030, respectively, showing depletion over years. Pot experiments showed that chemically fertilized tea plants exhibited a significant decrease in \u03b415N values earlier than organically fertilized ones during the conversion period. This first large-scale survey indicates that, although \u03b415N alone cannot universally authenticate all organic teas, it remains a promising indicator when combined with complementary methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c05917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:12:41Z","timestamp":1788268361000},"page":"27436-27445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Large-Scale Stable\nIsotope Distribution and Characteristics\nof Organic Tea with \u03b415N Signature of the Conversion\nPeriod in China"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]},{"name":"Qinghai University , , ,","place":["Xining, China, 810016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310008"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310008"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]},{"name":"Qinghai University , , ,","place":["Xining, China, 810016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyi","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karyne M.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]},{"name":"Lincoln University , , ,","place":["Lincoln, New Zealand, 7647"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2871-959X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chunlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6707-2373","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuwei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit1","unstructured":"FAO.\n          \n          The Global Action on Green Development of Special\nAgricultural Products: One Country One Priority Product: Action plan\n2021\u20132025, 2022. https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/c28be43c-f320-43b8-995f-b54bde48c90e\/content."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136963","article-title":"Soil acidification\nin Chinese tea plantations","volume":"715","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2021.103976","article-title":"Response of\ntea yield,\nquality and soil bacterial characteristics to long-term nitrogen fertilization\nin an eleven-year field experiment","volume":"166","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Soil\nEcol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090917072838000_cit4","first-page":"421","article-title":"Fertilization status\nand reduction potential in tea gardens of China","volume":"25","author":"Ni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr. Fertil."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026090917072838000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6180","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26206180","article-title":"Correlation among Metabolic Changes\nin Tea Plant Camellia sinensis (L.) Shoots, Green\nTea Quality and the Application of Cow Manure to Tea Plantation Soils","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090917072838000_cit6","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Assessment of technical\ncompliance of nitrogen fertilization in organic tea plantation based\non nitrogen supply","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Resour. Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090917072838000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0627726","article-title":"Nitrogen isotope composition of organically\nand conventionally grown crops","volume":"55","author":"Bateman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Agric. 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Plant Sci."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.107907","article-title":"Understanding\nprocessing, maturity and harvest period effects to authenticate early-spring\nLongjing tea using stable isotopes and chemometric analyses","volume":"124","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090917072838000_cit16","first-page":"2183","article-title":"Leaf position\ndistribution and variation of stable carbon, nitrogen,\nhydrogen and oxygen isotopes in Camellia sinensis","volume":"36","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Agric Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090917072838000_cit17","first-page":"78","article-title":"Effects of\nTea Processing and Sample Preparation on the Determination\nof Stable Isotope Ratio and Its Fractionation","volume":"34","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.  Nucl. Agric. 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Hortic."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126426","article-title":"Bulk and compound-specific\nstable isotope ratio analysis for authenticity testing of organically\ngrown tomatoes","volume":"318","author":"Bontempo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.03.125","article-title":"Authenticity\ntesting of organically grown vegetables by stable isotope ratio analysis\nof oxygen in plant-derived sulphate","volume":"291","author":"Novak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.12.129","article-title":"Compound-specific \u03b413C and \u03b415N analyses\nof fatty acids and amino acids for discrimination of organic,\npesticide-free, and conventional rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"283","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172625","article-title":"Decades-long\norganic tea production is distinguished by N deficiency: Evidence\nfrom soil and tea \u03b415N data","volume":"929","author":"Shuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.135791","article-title":"A review\nof recent compound-specific isotope analysis\nstudies applied to food authentication","volume":"415","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food\nChem."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1626\/pps.18.180","article-title":"Characteristics of\nthe relationship between natural 15N abundances in organic\nrice and soil","volume":"18","author":"Nishida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant\nProd. Sci."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130215","article-title":"Long-term\nisotopic model study for ecofriendly rice (Oryza sativa L.) authentication:\nUpdating a case study in South Korea","volume":"362","author":"Chung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.10.086","article-title":"Isotopic composition of nitrogen\nspecies in groundwater\nunder agricultural areas: A review","volume":"621","author":"Nikolenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130771","article-title":"Stable isotope and photosynthetic response of tea grown\nunder different temperature and light conditions","volume":"368","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090917072838000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2017.01.0018","article-title":"Nitrogen,\nsulfur, and oxygen isotope ratios of animal- and plant-based organic\nfertilizers used in South Korea","volume":"46","author":"Shin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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Agric Sci."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126239","article-title":"Long-term responses to climate change\nof the carbon and oxygen stable isotopic compositions and gelatinization\ntemperature of rice","volume":"315","author":"Akamatsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090917072838000_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22567","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v66.22567","article-title":"Stable isotopic\ncompositions of precipitation in China","volume":"66","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tellus\nB"},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1986.tb00372.x","article-title":"Influence\nof pool substitution on\nthe interpretation of fertilizer experiments with 15N","volume":"37","author":"Hart","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116204","article-title":"Changes of \u03b415N values during the volatilization process\nafter applying\nurea on soil","volume":"270","author":"Ti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026090917072838000_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249202","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1249202","article-title":"Nitrogen transport and assimilation\nin tea plant (Camellia sinensis): a review","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural\nand Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c05917","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/35\/27436\/67441454\/acs.jafc.6c05917.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/35\/27436\/67441454\/acs.jafc.6c05917.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T21:10:45Z","timestamp":1788988245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/74\/35\/27436\/5332086\/Large-Scale-Stable-Isotope-Distribution-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"35","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c05917","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}}}