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Among them, X4 displayed the most potent antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani (Rs), with an EC50 value of 0.58 \u03bcg\/mL, outperforming azoxystrobin (Az, EC50 = 6.87 \u03bcg\/mL), fluopyram (Fl, EC50 = 47.74 \u03bcg\/mL), and boscalid (BC, EC50 = 1.02 \u03bcg\/mL). In vivo antifungal assays conducted on rice leaves and kiwifruit demonstrated that X4 displayed satisfactory protective and curative effects. Meanwhile, X4 exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against both sclerotium formation and germination of Rs. As verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy (FM), and MDA assays, X4 inhibited fungal growth by disrupting the integrity of the mycelial cell membrane and inducing lipid peroxidation. Molecular docking experiments combined with SDH activity assays indicated that X4 engages in favorable interactions with SDH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c05968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:02:12Z","timestamp":1786359732000},"page":"25048-25058","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Discovery of Novel Carbohydrazide-Containing Formononetin\nDerivatives as Potential Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Agents"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University , , ,","place":["Guiyang, P. R. China, 550025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University , , ,","place":["Guiyang, P. R. 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Food Chem."},{"key":"2026081910191116000_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27363","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c09130","article-title":"Discovery\nof novel\nindole derivatives containing imidazolidinone as potential antifungal\nagents with mechanistic studies","volume":"73","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food\nChem."},{"key":"2026081910191116000_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5054","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c10235","article-title":"Discovery of novel\nquinazolinone-2-carbohydrazide derivatives as effective succinate\ndehydrogenase inhibitors and biosafety assessment on rice and zebrafish","volume":"73","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"2026081910191116000_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8524","article-title":"Antifungal\nactivity of chalcone derivatives containing\n1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and studies on them as potential SDH inhibitors","volume":"81","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pest Manage. Sci."},{"key":"2026081910191116000_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8632","article-title":"Discovery of novel\nflavonoid derivatives containing benzothiazole as potential antifungal\nagents","volume":"81","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pest Manage. 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Agric.\nFood Chem."},{"key":"2026081910191116000_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4359","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70550","article-title":"Discovery of novel thiazolidinedione-benzylpiperidine\nhybrids as dual-target antifungal agents for crop disease management","volume":"82","author":"Song","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pest Manage. 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