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Under equivalent conditions, the quadrupedal walker demonstrates a reduced balancing time and enhanced signal amplification efficiency. The proposed quadrupedal DNA walker facilitated highly sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), malathion (MAL), ochratoxin A (OTA), and acetamiprid (ACE). This flexibility shows that the system can be expanded to identify various contaminants, successfully overcoming the traditional \u201cone-analyte-one-method\u201d limitation and emphasizing its wide-ranging modularity and adaptability. Therefore, this study introduces a robust platform for food contaminant detection, presenting significant potential for advancing food safety monitoring and safeguarding public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c06203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:01:34Z","timestamp":1790078494000},"page":"31208-31216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Highly Sensitive\nDetection of Food Contaminants Based\non an Efficient Quadrupedal DNA Walker"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4412-9554","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dezhou University , , ,","place":["Dezhou, China, 253023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dezhou University , , ,","place":["Dezhou, China, 253023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3705-4091","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dezhou University , , ,","place":["Dezhou, China, 253023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manman","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dezhou University , , ,","place":["Dezhou, China, 253023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyu","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dezhou University , , ,","place":["Dezhou, China, 253023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dezhou University , , ,","place":["Dezhou, China, 253023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dezhou University , , ,","place":["Dezhou, China, 253023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100711065547600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.114739","article-title":"Food contaminants: Impact of food\nprocessing, challenges and mitigation strategies for food security","volume":"191","author":"Vignesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Res. 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