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Using a soil-earthworm microcosm, we investigated the dissipation and bioaccumulation of metalaxyl enantiomers and their effects on gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). R-metalaxyl dissipated rapidly (half-life 7\u20139 d), whereas S-metalaxyl persisted much longer (about 90 d), imposing prolonged selective pressure. Earthworms preferentially accumulated R-metalaxyl, with a maximum bioaccumulation factor of 0.42. High-concentration S-metalaxyl increased the total ARG abundance in earthworm guts by approximately 35% relative to the control. Antioxidant enzyme activities showed an enantioselective pattern of initial stimulation followed by decline over time. Metalaxyl increased Streptococcus abundance by 1\u20133% and reduced sensitive genera, while R-metalaxyl selectively enriched rifamycin-, multidrug-, and glycopeptide-resistance genes. Over 60% of ARGs co-occurred with plasmids, indicating an elevated horizontal gene transfer risk. These results confirm significant enantioselective effects of metalaxyl on dissipation, enrichment, microbiome structure, and antibiotic resistance transmission in earthworm guts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c06342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T12:01:31Z","timestamp":1786104091000},"page":"25089-25101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enantioselectivity of Antibiotic Resistance Genes\nin the Gut of Earthworms Exposed to Metalaxyl"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Hongnuo","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conglai","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8794-0692","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1032-7248","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yunlong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3963-6175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hua","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081910181239700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113499","article-title":"Uptake and Dissipation of Metalaxyl-M,\nFludioxonil, Cyantraniliprole and Thiamethoxam in Greenhouse Chrysanthemum","volume":"257","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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