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This cationic nanosystem (131 nm) achieved a 35.0% loading capacity and sustained release. It orchestrates a \u201cdual-attack\u201d mechanism, the cationic surface promotes electrostatic targeting on nematode cuticles and fungal cell walls, while the COS shell acts as an immune elicitor, enhancing plant root chitinase activity and vigor. Consequently, compared with free FLU, FLU@MSNs\/CMCO reduced the lethal concentrations (LC50) against Meloidogyne incognitaChitwood by 65.0% and exhibited superior antifungal activity against Fusarium spp. Crucially, the system alleviated toxicity toward non-target earthworms, showing an 8.7-fold increase in LC50. Mechanistic studies revealed that the COS coating scavenged reactive oxygen species and maintained redox homeostasis, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. This nanosystem offers a promising and practical strategy for precise and eco-friendly crop protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c06541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T15:02:44Z","timestamp":1789225364000},"page":"29100-29113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Plant\nImmunity and Mitigating Environmental\nRisk: A Chitosan Oligosaccharide-Functionalized Nanoplatform for Targeted\nDelivery of Fluopyram"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Tai\u2019an, PR China, 271018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Tai\u2019an, PR China, 271018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Tai\u2019an, PR China, 271018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Tai\u2019an, PR China, 271018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8394-5979","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Tai\u2019an, PR China, 271018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0327-6606","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Tai\u2019an, PR China, 271018"]},{"name":"Shandong Province Higher Education Provincial Key Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technology Laboratory , ,","place":["Tai\u2019an, PR China, 271018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092310083901500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202513186","article-title":"Morphology-directed\nnanocarriers enable precision lateral diffusion\nfor enhancing nematode control","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. 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