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In this study, a fermented polysaccharide, UBV-1, was obtained through cofermentation of U. pertusa powder with Bacillus velezensis, followed by separation and purification. Its structure was further elucidated by GC-MS and NMR. The results showed that UBV-1 enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins in human intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC-6), and both the polysaccharide itself and the metabolites produced by HIEC-6 cells stimulated with UBV-1 promoted the activation of THP-1 macrophages. Mechanistic studies indicated that this immunomodulatory effect is associated with activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and promotion of mature IL-1\u03b2 release. This study provides a green and efficient method for preparing U. pertusa polysaccharide and offers a theoretical foundation for its application as a raw material in functional foods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c07016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:02:19Z","timestamp":1791198139000},"page":"31666-31678","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural Characterization\nand Immunological Activity\nof Polysaccharides Extracted from\n                    <i>Ulva pertusa<\/i>\n                    Fermented by\n                    <i>Bacillus velezensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Jieting","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510642"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Wing-Fai","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Macau SAR, China, 999078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Baptist University , , , ,","place":["Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China, 999077"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510642"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"lo Nam","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Macau SAR, China, 999078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kit Ian","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Macau , , ,","place":["Macau SAR, China, 999078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammad Ahmad","family":"Farooqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE) , ,","place":["Islamabad, Pakistan, 44000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saiyi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Ocean University , , ,","place":["Zhanjiang, China, 524088"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Medical University , , ,","place":["Zhanjiang, China, 524023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6258-3297","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Riming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510642"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026101408094608300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c05365","article-title":"Insights into algal\npolysaccharides: a review of their structure, depolymerases, and metabolic\npathways","volume":"70","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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