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In this study, a structurally characterized medium- and long-chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) prepared by enzymatic transesterification was compared with a compositionally equivalent physical blend (PB) using a simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model for the elderly and an in vivo indirect calorimetry in adult mice. MLCT exhibited a more gradual fatty acid release pattern and 33\u201344% lower lipolysis during the initial gastrointestinal stages than PB without affecting final hydrolysis, and it significantly improved polyunsaturated fatty acid bioaccessibility. In mice, MLCT administration was associated with comparatively gradual changes in whole-body energy expenditure and respiratory gas exchange among the lipid treatments. These findings indicate that the TAG structure influences digestive kinetics and acute whole-body metabolic responses, supporting the further evaluation of MLCT for nutritional applications involving age-related digestive decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c07444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:42:30Z","timestamp":1788306150000},"page":"27592-27607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Influence of\nEnzymatically Synthesized Medium-\nand Long-Chain Triacylglycerols on Lipid Digestion Characteristics:\nInsights from\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>In Vivo<\/i>\n                    Models"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangnan University , , ,","place":["Wuxi, China, 214122"]},{"name":"Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan , , ,","place":["Luohe, Henan, China, 462300"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangnan University , , ,","place":["Wuxi, China, 214122"]},{"name":"Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan , , ,","place":["Luohe, Henan, China, 462300"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangnan University , , ,","place":["Wuxi, China, 214122"]},{"name":"Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan , , ,","place":["Luohe, Henan, China, 462300"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7836-7812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangnan University , , ,","place":["Wuxi, China, 214122"]},{"name":"Jiangnan University , , ,","place":["Wuxi, China, 214122"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8671-9144","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rongrong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangnan University , , ,","place":["Wuxi, China, 214122"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5374-2444","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangnan University , , ,","place":["Wuxi, China, 214122"]},{"name":"Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan , , ,","place":["Luohe, Henan, China, 462300"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10513","key":"2026090917081171300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01637-X","article-title":"Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable\nburden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries\nand territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990\u20132023:\na systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023","volume":"406","author":"GBD 2023 Disease and Injury and Risk Factor Collaborators.","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090917081171300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.09.047","article-title":"Prediction of 5-year mortality risk by malnutrition\naccording to the GLIM format using seven pragmatic approaches to define\nthe criterion of loss of muscle mass","volume":"40","author":"Sanchez-Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090917081171300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082764","article-title":"Malnutrition in Older Adults-Recent\nAdvances and Remaining Challenges","volume":"13","author":"Norman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090917081171300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12706","article-title":"New perspective\ntoward nutritional support for malnourished\ncancer patients: Role of lipids","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr. 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