{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:02:14Z","timestamp":1790776934156,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025GXNSFBA069136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GXNSFBA069136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Projects of Xizang Autonomous Region, China","award":["XZ202601ZY0034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XZ202601ZY0034"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety","award":["GKLAEAPS2024-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GKLAEAPS2024-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP), a widely used class of herbicides, pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens L1 was isolated as a novel degrader, completely degrading 97.42 mg\/L cyhalofop-butyl within 12 h via ester bond hydrolysis to cyhalofop acid. A new carboxylesterase, PnbA, was identified from strain L1, showing substrate preference for cyhalofop-butyl &amp;gt; clodinafop-propargyl &amp;gt; haloxyfop-p-methyl &amp;gt; quizalofop-p-ethyl. Molecular docking and mutagenesis identified S190 as a key catalytic residue. Two mutants, K411A and T412A, exhibited enhanced relative activities toward both cyhalofop-butyl (124.08 and 153.16%, respectively) and quizalofop-p-ethyl (120.97 and 171.06%, respectively) due to accelerated substrate capture and improved binding affinity. Strain L1 effectively remediated cyhalofop-butyl from contaminated soil and water matrices in natural microbial backgrounds. Homologous protein analysis revealed an overwhelming bacterial origin (99.39%) versus archaea (0.61%). This study provides novel enzymatic resources for AOPP remediation and expands the understanding of its microbial genetic basis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c07577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T15:02:10Z","timestamp":1789830130000},"page":"30012-30026","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distribution and Catalytic Mechanism of a Novel Carboxylesterase\nDegrading Multiple Aryloxyphenoxypropionate Herbicides in Bacteria\nand Archaea"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3577-8862","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanmei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi University , , , ,","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, People\u2019s Republic of China, 530004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1132-3749","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaotian","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi University , , , ,","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, People\u2019s Republic of China, 530004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi University , , , ,","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, People\u2019s Republic of China, 530004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi University , , , ,","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, People\u2019s Republic of China, 530004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuke","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi University , , , ,","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, People\u2019s Republic of China, 530004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi University , , , ,","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, People\u2019s Republic of China, 530004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menghao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi University , , , ,","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, People\u2019s Republic of China, 530004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4550-2699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi University , , , ,","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, People\u2019s Republic of China, 530004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University , , , ,","place":["Nyingchi, Xizang, People\u2019s Republic of China, 860000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, People\u2019s Republic of China, 730070"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0085-2831","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huihua","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi University , , , ,","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, People\u2019s Republic of China, 530004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009081531200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-011-0239-6","article-title":"Residues and\ndissipation of the herbicide fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and\nits metabolite in wheat and soil","volume":"87","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Environ.\nContam. Toxicol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026093009081531200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-018-2503-y","article-title":"Recent insights\ninto\nthe microbial catabolism of aryloxyphenoxy-propionate herbicides:\nmicrobial resources, metabolic pathways and catabolic enzymes","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093009081531200_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10337-019-03834-6","article-title":"Development\nand validation of a liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry\nmethod for multiresidue determination of 25 herbicides in soil and\ntobacco","volume":"83","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"issue":"50","key":"2026093009081531200_cit4","first-page":"97","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of 16\nkinds of aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides in water using ultra\nperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Safety and Environmental Engineering"},{"key":"2026093009081531200_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110366","article-title":"Influence\nof the herbicide haloxyfop-R-methyl on bacterial\ndiversity in rhizosphere soil of Spartina alterniflora","volume":"194","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026093009081531200_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2025.2556156","article-title":"Subchronic oral toxicity\nof clodinafop-propargyl in rats: toxic effects in liver, kidney, and\nspleen and NOAEL gender differences","volume":"107","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol.\nEnviron. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093009081531200_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-006-0014-1","article-title":"The effects of Fusilade\n(Fluazifop-p-butyl) on germination, mitotic frequency\nand \u03b1-amylase activity of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) seeds","volume":"29","author":"Aksoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. 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Hazard.\nMater."},{"key":"2026093009081531200_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.03.039","article-title":"Biodegradation of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FE) by Acinetobacter sp. strain\nDL-2 and cloning of FE hydrolase gene afeH","volume":"186","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009081531200_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.059","article-title":"Biodegradation\nof chlorpyrifos and its hydrolysis product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol\nby Bacillus pumilus strain C2A1","volume":"168","author":"Anwar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026093009081531200_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00025-25","article-title":"Efficient\ndegradation\nof tylosin by Kurthia gibsonii TYL-A1: performance,\npathway, and genomics study","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009081531200_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s41742-025-01004-1","article-title":"Biodegradation of malathion and chlorpyrifos\nby Pseudomonas Putida for Water purification: optimization and application","volume":"20","author":"El-Sesy","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res."},{"key":"2026093009081531200_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejbt.2020.05.003","article-title":"Cometabolic biodegradation\nof quizalofop-p-ethyl by Methylobacterium populi YC-XJ1 and identification of QPEH1 esterase","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electron. J. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093009081531200_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-016-2276-z","article-title":"Identification\nand characterization of a novel carboxylesterase (FpbH) that hydrolyzes\naryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol.\nLett."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"2026093009081531200_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10532-017-9787-8","article-title":"The metabolic pathway of metamifop\ndegradation by consortium ME-1 and its bacterial community structure","volume":"28","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biodegradation"},{"key":"2026093009081531200_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.133967","article-title":"Characterization of\ntwo novel hydrolases from Sphingopyxis sp. DBS4 for\nenantioselective degradation of\nchiral herbicide diclofop-methyl","volume":"469","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard.\nMater."},{"key":"2026093009081531200_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.143863","article-title":"Efficient biodegradation of multiple\npyrethroid pesticides by Rhodococcus pyridinivorans strain Y6 and its degradation mechanism","volume":"469","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem.\nEng. J."},{"key":"2026093009081531200_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.02.011","article-title":"Carboxylesterases:\nGeneral detoxifying enzymes","volume":"259","author":"Hatfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"2026093009081531200_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2026.142095","article-title":"Enzymatic\nproperties and catalytic mechanism of a novel\npyraclostrobin C\u2013N bond-hydrolyzing carboxylesterase from Priestia megaterium GXU087","volume":"510","author":"Cao","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hazard.\nMater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093009081531200_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19671","DOI":"10.1149\/10701.19671ecst","article-title":"Cell envelope thickening:\na mechanism of drug resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"107","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecs Transactions"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026093009081531200_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2006.02015.x","article-title":"Influence of\ngrowth conditions on the production of extracellular proteolytic enzymes\nin Paenibacillus peoriae NRRL BD-62 and Paenibacillus polymyxa SCE2","volume":"43","author":"Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093009081531200_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"TBS-0017-2013","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TBS-0017-2013","article-title":"Ecology of Bacillaceae","volume":"3","author":"Mandic-Mulec","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026093009081531200_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4709","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c14757","article-title":"Single-Cell\nanalysis of microbial\ndegradation mechanisms and remediation potential for emerging pollutants:\na case study on methylnaphthalene","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. 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