{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:24:16Z","timestamp":1787153056652,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017438","name":"Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025B04034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025B04034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008990","name":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025C01097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025C01097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008990","name":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025C02267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025C02267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003786","name":"Hangzhou Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024SZD1B24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SZD1B24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LZ26C010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LZ26C010003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cadmium (Cd) contamination of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains remains a major food safety concern. Although mechanisms of Cd uptake, sequestration, transport, and grain allocation have been widely studied, important gaps remain. Overexpression of OsHMA3 can reduce grain Cd accumulation by 94\u201398%, whereas OsNRAMP5 disruption markedly decreases Cd uptake and grain accumulation under contaminated field conditions. Nevertheless, mitigation strategies developed under controlled conditions often perform inconsistently in the field. This review proposes an integrated soilto-grain framework that links rhizosphere processes with Cd transport and redistribution in plants. We emphasize that Cd transport is closely associated with the homeostasis of essential micronutrients, particularly Mn, Zn, and Fe. Consequently, single-target interventions may inadvertently disturb the micronutrient balance and compromise yield. Future breeding of low-Cd rice varieties should adopt coordinated multinode optimization by integrating allele mining, precision breeding, agronomic management, and AI-assisted multiobjective modeling to improve field stability and grain quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c07687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T18:02:05Z","timestamp":1785952925000},"page":"24864-24878","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms\nand Mitigation Strategies of\nCadmium Accumulation in Rice for Food Safety"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Qinqin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 311231"]},{"name":"Nanjing Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210095"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 311231"]},{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu-ni","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu University of Technology , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610059"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 311231"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210095"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6434-5604","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Baolei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 311231"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu University of Technology , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610059"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlai","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 311231"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081910155953500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9060247","article-title":"Cross-talk between cadmium and selenium at elevated\ncadmium stress determines the fate of selenium uptake in rice","volume":"9","author":"Farooq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026081910155953500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9030042","article-title":"Heavy metals and\npesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: Ecological risks\nand human health implications","volume":"9","author":"Alengebawy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081910155953500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-020-03088-1","article-title":"A review on cadmium\nexposure in the population and intervention strategies\nagainst cadmium toxicity","volume":"106","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam.\nToxicol."},{"key":"2026081910155953500_cit4","volume-title":"Final\nReview of Scientific Information on Cadmium","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026081910155953500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117094","article-title":"Exploring the mechanisms of organic fertilizers on Cd bioavailability\nin rice fields: Environmental behavior and effect factors","volume":"285","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotox. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"2026081910155953500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.11.021","article-title":"Cadmium availability in rice paddy\nfields from a mining area: The\neffects of soil properties highlighting iron fractions and pH value","volume":"209","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081910155953500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1939-8433-5-5","article-title":"Cadmium transport and tolerance in\nrice: Perspectives\nfor reducing grain cadmium accumulation","volume":"5","author":"Uraguchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rice"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081910155953500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-019-04374-6","article-title":"Arsenic and cadmium\naccumulation in rice and mitigation strategies","volume":"446","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"2026081910155953500_cit9","volume-title":"Report\nof the 29th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081910155953500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.04.020","article-title":"Current status\nof cadmium as an environmental health\nproblem","volume":"238","author":"Ja\u0308rup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081910155953500_cit11","first-page":"557","article-title":"Cadmium &\nits adverse effects on human health","volume":"128","author":"Bernard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian\nJ. Med. 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Plant Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081910155953500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.112.096925","article-title":"Nramp5 is a major transporter\nresponsible for manganese and cadmium uptake in rice","volume":"24","author":"Sasaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081910155953500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14438","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14832-9","article-title":"Knockout of OsNramp5 using the CRISPR\/Cas9 system\nproduces low Cd-accumulating indica rice without\ncompromising yield","volume":"7","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"47","key":"2026081910155953500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19166","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211132109","article-title":"Ion-beam irradiation,\ngene identification, and marker-assisted\nbreeding in the development of low-cadmium rice","volume":"109","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081910155953500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-022-00569-w","article-title":"Duplication of a\nmanganese\/cadmium transporter gene reduces cadmium accumulation in\nrice grain","volume":"3","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026081910155953500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/err136","article-title":"The OsNRAMP1\niron transporter is involved in Cd accumulation in rice","volume":"62","author":"Takahashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. 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Plant Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081910155953500_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010043","article-title":"A comprehensive review\non the heavy\nmetal toxicity and sequestration in plants","volume":"12","author":"Riyazuddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026081910155953500_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pld3.34","article-title":"Rice phytochelatin\nsynthases OsPCS1 and OsPCS2 make different contributions to cadmium\nand arsenic tolerance. Plant","volume":"2","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Direct"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081910155953500_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-017-0600-1","article-title":"Identification of\nalternatively spliced transcripts of rice phytochelatin synthase 2\ngene OsPCS2 involved in mitigation of cadmium and\narsenic stresses","volume":"94","author":"Das","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Mol. 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