{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:10:28Z","timestamp":1790176228418,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017366","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZX02B18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZX02B18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010211","name":"Education Department of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JJKH20261434KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20261434KJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Humic acid (HA) stability determines the food waste (FW) compost quality and facilitates organic waste recycling via aerobic composting. This study investigated the synergistic effects of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4)-zeolite and low aeration to enhance the HA stability during FW composting. Composting was carried out for 50 days across four treatments: control (CK), FeSO4-zeolite (FZ), low aeration (L), and combined FZL treatments. Results showed that FZL achieved the highest HA content (33.1 mg\/g) and condensed HAC3 proportion (18.3%), raising the HA polymerization degree by 84.9% relative to CK. Low aeration prolonged Fe2+ persistence, stimulating stable iron oxide formation to serve as a nucleation site for HA polymerization and complexation. FZL optimized microbial networks and enriched humification-related microbes. Variance partitioning analysis quantified iron-mediated passivation (45.5%) and its synergy with synthesis (21.8%) as the dominant drivers. This study clarifies the underlying mechanism and offers a practical strategy to produce a high-stability HA compost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c07792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:01:28Z","timestamp":1789016488000},"page":"29127-29137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FeSO4-Zeolite Coupled with Low Aeration\nEnhances Humic Acid Stability by Regulating Synthesis and Iron-Mediated\nPassivation in Food Waste Composting"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Chaonan","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Normal University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130032"]},{"name":"Tianjin Normal University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Normal University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Normal University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Province Black Soil Quality Protection and Monitoring Center , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130012"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Normal University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Normal University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9511-6692","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zimin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Normal University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2025.06.009","article-title":"Effects of bamboo powder\non nitrogen dynamics and microbial succession in kitchen food waste\ncomposting","volume":"153","author":"Long","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2019.12.053","article-title":"Hyperthermophilic Composting\nof Sewage Sludge Accelerates Humic Acid\nFormation: Elemental and Spectroscopic Evidence","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manage."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.126577","article-title":"Microhabitat Drive Microbial Anabolism\nto Promote Carbon Sequestration\nduring Composting","volume":"346","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.08.030","article-title":"Spectroscopic\nEvidence for Biochar Amendment Promoting Humic Acid\nSynthesis and Intensifying Humification during Composting","volume":"280","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.119188","article-title":"Improved Carbon\nSequestration by Utilization of Ferrous\nIons during Different Organic Wastes Composting","volume":"347","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133408","article-title":"Impact of\nZeolite Amendment on Composting of Food Waste Digestate","volume":"371","author":"Manu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.117822","article-title":"Mitigation of Ammonia\nand Greenhouse Gas Emissions\nfrom Stored Cattle Slurry Using Acidifiers and Chemical Amendments","volume":"237","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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J."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.129826","article-title":"Effect of\nFerrous Ions Combined with Zeolite on Humification Degree during Food\nWaste Composting","volume":"389","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.09.050","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation\nof the Use of Acidic Additives on Sewage Sludge Composting Quality\nImprovement, Nitrogen Conservation, and Greenhouse Gas Reduction","volume":"270","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. 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Environ.\nManage."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092310074699900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.120654","article-title":"Zeolite Enhanced Nitrogen Retention\nin Chicken Manure Composting:\nDifferential Responses of Abundant and Rare Bacteria","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125901","article-title":"Insight into the Effects of Regulating Denitrification on Composting:\nStrategies to Simultaneously Reduce Environmental Pollution Risk and\nPromote Aromatic Humic Substance Formation","volume":"342","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioresour. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.01.091","article-title":"The Detoxification\nEffect of Liquid Digestate on Vanadium Toxicity to Seed Germination\nand Seedling Growth of Dog\u2019s Tail Grass","volume":"369","author":"Aihemaiti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-005-0712-6","article-title":"Stabilization of Soil\nOrganic Matter: Association with Minerals or Chemical Recalcitrance?","volume":"77","author":"Mikutta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20102-6","article-title":"Iron Mineral\nDissolution Releases\nIron and Associated Organic Carbon during Permafrost Thaw","volume":"11","author":"Patzner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06401","article-title":"Diversity\nin the Mechanisms of Humin Formation during\nComposting with Different Materials","volume":"53","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.122941","article-title":"Role of the\nProportion of Cattle Manure and Biogas Residue on the Degradation\nof Lignocellulose and Humification during Composting","volume":"307","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1021\/ac990418j","article-title":"Mitigation of Rayleigh\nand Raman Spectral Interferences\nin Multiway Calibration of Excitation-Emission Matrix Fluorescence\nSpectra","volume":"72","author":"Jiji","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.02.105","article-title":"Effect of Enrichment\non Chemical Properties of MSW Compost","volume":"101","author":"Iqbal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour.\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c11226","article-title":"Therapeutic\nEffects of Camel Milk Exosomes and Their\nmiR-148a-3p Cargo on DSS-Induced Colitis: Modulating Gut Inflammation\nthrough the SIRT1\/NF-\u03baB Pathway and Microbiota Alterations","volume":"74","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4203(03)00072-0","article-title":"Tracing Dissolved Organic Matter\nin Aquatic Environments Using a New Approach to Fluorescence Spectroscopy","volume":"82","author":"Stedmon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mar. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2005.50.2.0686","article-title":"Resolving the Variability in Dissolved\nOrganic Matter\nFluorescence in a Temperate Estuary and Its Catchment Using PARAFAC\nAnalysis","volume":"50","author":"Stedmon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092310074699900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.04.039","article-title":"Fluorescence Excitation-Emission\nMatrix Spectra Coupled\nwith Parallel Factor and Regional Integration Analysis to Characterize\nOrganic Matter Humification","volume":"93","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026092310074699900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116358","article-title":"The Dominant\nRole of Cooperation in Fungal Community\nDrives the Humification Process of Chicken Manure Composting under\nAddition of Regulatory Factors","volume":"232","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. 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