{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:55:24Z","timestamp":1792166124503,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005088","name":"Beijing Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-2G-4264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-2G-4264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005088","name":"Beijing Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-03-46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-03-46"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22676163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22676163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32541103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32541103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003213","name":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KZ20231002549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KZ20231002549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003213","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Capital\u2019s Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["2022-2G-4264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-2G-4264"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants and plasticizers and may enter preprepared dishes through raw materials, processing, and migration from food contact materials (FCMs). In this study, 28 OPEs and 13 mOPEs were determined in 347 commercially available preprepared dish samples purchased in Beijing, China, and migration experiments were conducted using 42 independent FCM samples. OPEs were widely detected in preprepared dishes (median: 9.04 ng\/g wet weight (ww)), while mOPEs had much lower levels (median of 1.40 ng\/g ww). Compared with fresh animal-origin foods, the dishes showed significantly higher OPE concentrations. Independent migration experiments further showed that several major OPEs could be released from the tested FCMs, demonstrating release potential consistent with a possible packaging contribution. A scenario-based exposure assessment indicated that OPE intake via preprepared dish consumption was below available health-based guidance values, while uncertainties remain because consumption data specific to preprepared dishes and toxicological thresholds for many OPEs\/mOPEs are lacking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c08095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:01:36Z","timestamp":1792072896000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Organophosphate\nEsters and Their Metabolites in Commercially\nAvailable Preprepared Dishes: Occurrence, Migration from Food Contact\nMaterials, and Dietary Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1021","author":[{"given":"Minghao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University , , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100069"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100013"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100013"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1274-3800","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiaying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7558-9081","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhixiong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100069"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139071","article-title":"A review of\norganophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in the environment:\nAnalysis, occurrence and risk assessment","volume":"731","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci.\nTotal Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101611062784700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-021-03454-7","article-title":"Industrial production of organophosphate\nflame retardants (OPFRs): Big knowledge gaps need to be filled?","volume":"108","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2025.107135","article-title":"Organophosphate\nesters and phthalate esters in marine fishes from a coastal area of\nChina: Occurrence, tissue distribution, trophic transfer, and human\nexposure","volume":"208","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109558","article-title":"Early-life exposure to organophosphate\nesters and child neurodevelopment in the French national birth cohort","volume":"200","author":"Chupeau","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026101611062784700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10192","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c08822","article-title":"Long-range transport, trophic transfer,\nand ecological risks of organophosphate esters in remote areas","volume":"55","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.09.012","article-title":"Organophosphorus\nflame retardants and plasticizers: Sources, occurrence, toxicity and\nhuman exposure","volume":"196","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. 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Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2024.115103","article-title":"Organophosphate\nesters and their metabolites in Beijing total diets: Occurrence, time\ntrend, and dietary exposure assessment","volume":"194","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food\nChem. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123653","article-title":"Organophosphate triesters and their\ndiester degradation products in the atmosphere: A critical review","volume":"346","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. 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Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026101611062784700_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12268","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c02821","article-title":"Unveiling\nhidden health risks: Machine learning enhanced\nmodeling of plastic additive release kinetics in fresh produce packaging","volume":"59","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158368","article-title":"Organophosphate\nesters in UK diet;\nexposure and risk assessment","volume":"849","author":"Gbadamosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.12.011","article-title":"Dietary\nintake of phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) using Swedish food market\nbasket estimations","volume":"100","author":"Poma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.04.055","article-title":"Organophosphate\nesters (OPEs) in\nChinese foodstuffs: Dietary intake estimation via a market basket\nmethod, and suspect screening using high-resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"128","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026101611062784700_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21166","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c09416","article-title":"Trans-placental transfer\nmechanisms of aromatic amine antioxidants (AAs) and p-phenylenediamine\nquinones (PPD-Qs): Evidence from human gestation exposure and the\nrat uterine perfusion model","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112896","article-title":"Study on the reproductive toxicity\nand mechanism of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"227","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109437","article-title":"Nationwide investigation on organophosphate esters\nand di-esters in raw grains from China: Distribution, sources, and\nimplications for risk assessment","volume":"198","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114245","article-title":"Tissue-specific bioaccumulation,\nmetabolism and excretion of tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) in\nrare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)","volume":"261","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"33","key":"2026101611062784700_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18434","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c05098","article-title":"Organophosphate esters\nin raw cow\nmilk and cow\u2019s drinking water and feed from China: Occurrence,\nregional distribution, and dietary exposure assessment","volume":"72","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"28","key":"2026101611062784700_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8609","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c03603","article-title":"Organophosphate esters\nin foodstuffs from multiple provinces in China:\nPossible sources during food processing and implications for human\nexposure","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"36","key":"2026101611062784700_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49507","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15861-8","article-title":"A review of environmental occurrence,\nanalysis, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of organophosphate esters","volume":"28","author":"Bekele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. 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Total Environ."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.06.006","article-title":"Retrospective analysis\nof organophosphate\nflame retardants in herring gull eggs and relation to the aquatic\nfood web in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America","volume":"150","author":"Greaves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122043","article-title":"Fugacity- and biotransformation-based\nmechanistic insights into the trophic transfer of organophosphate\nflame retardants in a subtropical coastal food web from the Northern\nBeibu Gulf of China","volume":"261","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105919","article-title":"Bioaccumulation\nand trophic transfer of organophosphate esters in tropical marine\nfood web, South China Sea","volume":"143","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160658","article-title":"Occurrence,\nbioaccumulation and trophic transfer of\norganophosphate esters in marine food webs: Evidence from three bays\nin Bohai Sea, China","volume":"861","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120083","article-title":"Occurrence\nand risk assessment of organophosphate esters\nin global aquatic products","volume":"240","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148837","article-title":"A review on\norganophosphate flame\nretardants in the environment: Occurrence, accumulation, metabolism\nand toxicity","volume":"795","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.038","article-title":"Toxicokinetic patterns, metabolites\nformation and distribution in\nvarious tissues of the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) exposed\nto tri(2butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP)","volume":"668","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167656","article-title":"An overview of current\nknowledge on organophosphate di-esters in environment: Analytical\nmethods, sources, occurrence, and behavior","volume":"906","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026101611062784700_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20348","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c06207","article-title":"Establishment\nof an integrated nontarget and suspect screening workflow for organophosphate\ndiesters (Di-OPEs) and identification of seven previously unknown\nDi-OPEs in food contact plastics","volume":"71","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric.\nFood Chem."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.109168","article-title":"Cresyl diphenyl\nphosphate (a novel organophosphate ester) induces hepatic steatosis\nby directly binding to liver X receptor \u03b1: From molecule action\nto risk assessment","volume":"194","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"2026101611062784700_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120559","article-title":"Aryl-, halogenated-\nand alkyl- organophosphate esters induced oxidative\nstress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation\nin HepG2 cells","volume":"316","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026101611062784700_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12130","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c03274","article-title":"Organophosphate\ndiesters (Di-OPEs) play a critical role in understanding global organophosphate\nesters (OPEs) in fishmeal","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Int."},{"key":"2026101611062784700_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176272","article-title":"Migration\npatterns of organophosphate esters from plastic food packaging simulants\nto foods: Donors, behaviours, and influencing factors","volume":"954","author":"Miao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101611062784700_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b06395","article-title":"Occurrence of organophosphorus flame\nretardants and plasticizers (PFRs) in Belgian foodstuffs and estimation\nof the dietary exposure of the adult population","volume":"52","author":"Poma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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