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This study screened synergistic combinations of biocontrol agents and chemical fungicides. Combined treatments inhibited mycelial growth, yield, and conidial production and germination. Among nine combinations, five achieved over 50% control efficacy; NJF 5:1 reached 81.48% field efficacy and reduced I. robusta in roots and soil. Biocontrol strain colonization increased versus singlestrain treatments. Ginseng defense enzyme genes and soil enzyme activities were enhanced. Three-stage soil microbiomics showed improved diversity, increased beneficial Granulicella and Pseudogymnoascus, and decreased Ilyonectria pathogen, which positively correlated with disease index, while beneficial genera correlated with soil enzyme activity. Seven lipopeptide biosynthesis genes were upregulated by the combination versus single strain. Metabolomics and transcriptomics confirmed that fludioxonil promoted the accumulation of antifungal p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-methylphenol in NJ13. This study presents a novel synergistic interaction model reducing chemical usage and clarifies multiple synergistic effects against ginseng rusty root rot.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c08284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:50:49Z","timestamp":1788324649000},"page":"27458-27474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic and\nFungicide-Reducing Effects of Biological\nAgents with Chemical Fungicides against Ginseng Rusty Root Rot"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Xue-Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130118"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Xi","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130118"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130118"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130118"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Xin","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130118"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Ginseng Industry Development Service Center (Jilin Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Center) , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130033"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao-Hui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130118"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8955-1153","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhong-Wei","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilfrid Laurier University , , ,","place":["Waterloo, Canada, N2L3C5"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Shenbo Chaoqi Fertilizer Co., Ltd. , ,","place":["Fusong, China, 134504"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130118"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130118"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0096-1704","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chang-Qing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130118"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090917071512600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2005.09.004","article-title":"Biochemistry of\nginseng root tissues affected by rusty\nroot symptoms","volume":"43","author":"Rahman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. 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