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Given their dynamic nature, epigenetic modifications offer potential targets for nutritional intervention, although current evidence remains largely correlational. This review presents a food science-oriented framework examining how dietary bioactive compounds may associate with neuroplasticity modulation through putative epigenetic pathways, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNAs. While certain food-derived ingredients have shown correlations with epigenetic regulation and gene expression related to synaptic plasticity, direct causal evidence in humans is lacking. We identify key epigenetic regulatory hubs as ingredient-responsive candidate targets, providing new criteria for efficacy assessment and functional food design. These associative insights generate testable hypotheses for developing epigenetic-based nutritional strategies aimed at preventing or delaying age-related cognitive decline, while critically highlighting the gap between correlational findings and causal demonstration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c08366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T07:01:27Z","timestamp":1789110087000},"page":"28970-28988","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioactive Compounds\nas Putative Molecules of Neuroplasticity:\nAn Epigenetic Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Fanrui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang A&F University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 311300"]},{"name":"Zhejiang A & F University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P.R. China, 311300"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Zhejiang Fruit Industry Co., Ltd. , , ,","place":["Akesu, China, 843000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bordoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Camerino , , ,","place":["Camerino, Italy, 62032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueying","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang A&F University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 311300"]},{"name":"Zhejiang A & F University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P.R. China, 311300"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiating","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang A&F University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 311300"]},{"name":"Zhejiang A & F University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P.R. China, 311300"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fayong","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xichang University , , ,","place":["Xichang, China, 615013"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang A&F University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 311300"]},{"name":"Zhejiang A & F University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P.R. China, 311300"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1529-5732","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang A & F University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P.R. China, 311300"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0037-7740","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rosita","family":"Gabbianelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Camerino , , ,","place":["Camerino, Italy, 62032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9567-5146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang A & F University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P.R. 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