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Rice exhibited 41\u2013141-fold higher GR50 values than E. crus-galli, with cultivar-dependent tolerance. Residue analysis showed higher flusulfinam absorption in E. crus-galli, whereas metabolism was significantly enhanced in rice and inhibited by P450 and GST inhibitors. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses identified OsGSTU16 as highly expressed in rice compared with E. crus-galli. Functional validation using Escherichia coli expression, rice callus overexpression, knockout experiments, and molecular docking demonstrated that OsGSTU16 contributes to flusulfinam tolerance. These findings suggest that GST-mediated metabolic detoxification is an important contributor to flusulfinam selectivity and provide insights into potential genetic resources for improving herbicide tolerance in crops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c08522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:01:15Z","timestamp":1791223275000},"page":"31704-31714","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanisms Underlying\nDifferential Flusulfinam Sensitivity\nbetween\n                    <i>Oryza sativa<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Echinochloa crus-galli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9584-8033","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hengzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Agricultural University , , ,","place":["Tai\u2019an, Shandong, P. R. 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