{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:08:16Z","timestamp":1788991696615,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32372331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32372331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bacteroides uniformis (Bu) is a promising probiotic, yet its mechanism for utilizing lotus seed resistant starch (LRS) remains unclear. Here, growth analysis, starch structural characterization, transcriptomics, and molecular docking were integrated to elucidate the LRS utilization strategy of Bu. Bu efficiently utilized LRS and released abundant extracellular maltooligosaccharides during fermentation. Structural analyses revealed an exterior-to-interior degradation pattern characterized by the preferential removal of peripheral short chains and progressive surface erosion of starch granules. Transcriptomic profiling identified polysaccharide utilization locus 18 (PUL18) as the core genetic locus induced by LRS. Two outer-membrane glycoside hydrolases, GH13_47 and GH13_48, initiated extracellular starch depolymerization, while periplasmic GH97 and GH13 further hydrolyzed the imported oligosaccharides. Cytoplasmic GH65 completed intracellular saccharide metabolism, directing the carbon flux toward acetate and propionate production. These findings reveal a PUL18-driven mechanism underlying LRS utilization by Bu and provide new insights into the resistant starch metabolism by gut Bacteroides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c09327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:59:17Z","timestamp":1788263957000},"page":"27642-27656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Bacteroides uniformis<\/i>\n                    ATCC 8492 Utilizes Lotus Seed\nResistant Starch via a PUL18-Driven\nExterior-to-Interior Degradation Strategy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Jinhan","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350002"]},{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350002"]},{"name":"Ministry of Education , , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350002"]},{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350002"]},{"name":"Ministry of Education , , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingfen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350002"]},{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350002"]},{"name":"Ministry of Education , , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6837-4258","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350002"]},{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350002"]},{"name":"Ministry of Education , , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8861-766X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangnan University , , ,","place":["Wuxi, China, 214122"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9426-8133","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hongliang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350002"]},{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, China, 350002"]},{"name":"Ministry of Education , , , ,","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026090917080450200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2508433","article-title":"Bacteroides uniformis-generated hexadecanedioic acid ameliorates metabolic-associated\nfatty liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090917080450200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00420-5","article-title":"Bacteroides uniformis-induced perturbations in colonic\nmicrobiota and bile acid levels inhibit TH17 differentiation and ameliorate\ncolitis developments","volume":"9","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ. Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090917080450200_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.09.049","article-title":"Molecular\nMechanism by which Prominent Human Gut Bacteroidetes Utilize Mixed-Linkage\nBeta-Glucans, Major Health-Promoting Cereal Polysaccharides","volume":"21","author":"Tamura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090917080450200_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.09.007","article-title":"Mucosal Glycan Foraging\nEnhances\nFitness and Transmission of a Saccharolytic Human Gut Bacterial Symbiont","volume":"4","author":"Martens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2026090917080450200_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.08.088","article-title":"Investigations\nof Bacteroides spp.\ntowards next-generation probiotics","volume":"116","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res.\nInt."},{"key":"2026090917080450200_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24173122","article-title":"The Preparation\nand Structure Analysis Methods of Natural Polysaccharides of Plants\nand Fungi: A Review of Recent Development","volume":"24","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090917080450200_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-55845-7","article-title":"Selective utilization\nof medicinal polysaccharides by human gut Bacteroides and Parabacteroides\nspecies","volume":"16","author":"Qu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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Life Sci."},{"issue":"52","key":"2026090917080450200_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36328","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M806115200","article-title":"Structural\nand functional analysis of a glycoside hydrolase family 97 enzyme\nfrom Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","volume":"283","author":"Kitamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090917080450200_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13301-4","article-title":"The many functions of carbohydrate-active\nenzymes in family GH65: diversity and application","volume":"108","author":"De Beul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"D1","key":"2026090917080450200_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D677","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1022","article-title":"PULDB: the\nexpanded database of Polysaccharide Utilization Loci","volume":"46","author":"Terrapon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026090917080450200_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5365","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.19.5365-5372.2000","article-title":"Characterization\nof four outer membrane\nproteins involved in binding starch to the cell surface of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","volume":"182","author":"Shipman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026090917080450200_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2242-x","article-title":"The Sus\noperon: a model system for\nstarch uptake by the human gut Bacteroidetes","volume":"73","author":"Foley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. 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Microbiol."},{"issue":"37","key":"2026090917080450200_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24673","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R109.022848","article-title":"Complex glycan catabolism\nby the human gut microbiota: the Bacteroidetes Sus-like paradigm","volume":"284","author":"Martens","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090917080450200_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b05892","article-title":"Characterization\nof a Novel Maltose-Forming \u03b1-Amylase from Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum ST-III","volume":"64","author":"Jeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090917080450200_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-019-1237-3","article-title":"Unravelling\nthe diversity of glycoside hydrolase family\n13 \u03b1-amylases from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1","volume":"18","author":"Plaza-Vinuesa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Fact."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090917080450200_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-023-01253-w","article-title":"Resistant starch utilization by Bifidobacterium,\nthe\nbeneficial human gut bacteria","volume":"32","author":"Jung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Agricultural\nand Food Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c09327","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/35\/27642\/67427940\/acs.jafc.6c09327.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article-pdf\/74\/35\/27642\/67427940\/acs.jafc.6c09327.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T21:29:41Z","timestamp":1788989381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jafcau\/article\/74\/35\/27642\/5330586\/Bacteroides-uniformis-ATCC-8492-Utilizes-Lotus"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"35","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c09327","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8561","1520-5118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8561","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}}}