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This study investigated peptides released from Galleria mellonella (W) and Alphitobius diaperinus (B) proteins following a modified static INFOGEST protocol. Digestion-derived peptides were identified by LC-MS\/MS and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using in vitro assays, bioinformatic prediction, and molecular docking, focusing on IKK-\u03b2 as a key regulator of the NF-\u03baB pathway. At 500 \u03bcg protein\/mL, W-I2h and B-I2h reduced NF-\u03baB reporter activity by 28.7% and 53.5%, respectively, and decreased nitric oxide production by 31%. Digestates also reduced IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, and IL-1\u03b2 secretion at selected concentrations and decreased IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 mRNA expression. Conversely, 25 \u03bcg protein\/mL increased IL-1\u03b2 secretion by 109.4% and 102.1%, respectively. Increased HO-1 and \u03b3GCS transcripts suggested modulation of Nrf2-responsive gene expression, although pathway activation was not confirmed. These findings demonstrate concentration-dependent immunomodulatory effects and identify candidate peptides for future validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c09355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:02:16Z","timestamp":1790352136000},"page":"30885-30896","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immunomodulatory\nEffects of\n                    <i>Galleria mellonella<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Alphitobius diaperinus<\/i>\n                    Protein Digestates Generated Using a Modified INFOGEST Protocol\n\u2013\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>In Silico<\/i>\n                    Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Zidan","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds , , ,","place":["Leeds, U.K., LS2 9JT"]},{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6705-5709","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christine","family":"Boesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds , , ,","place":["Leeds, U.K., LS2 9JT"]},{"name":"National Alternative Protein Innovation Centre (NAPIC) , ,","place":["Leeds, UK, LS2 9JT"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Mondor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Sherbrooke , , , ,","place":["Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1K 2R1"]},{"name":"Universite\u0301 Laval , , , ,","place":["Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar Abel","family":"Sa\u0301nchez-Vela\u0301zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds , , ,","place":["Leeds, U.K., LS2 9JT"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4154-8630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alan Javier","family":"Herna\u0301ndez-A\u0301lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds , , ,","place":["Leeds, U.K., LS2 9JT"]},{"name":"National Alternative Protein Innovation Centre (NAPIC) , ,","place":["Leeds, UK, LS2 9JT"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026100711065812700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s44385-025-00010-4","article-title":"Inflammation: a matter of immune\ncell life and death","volume":"2","author":"Bender","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Biomedical. 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