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Modified lignosulfonate (UALS) and cationic DMAEA-Q form a covalent primary network; electrostatic interactions between zwitterionic starch, UALS sulfonate, and DMAEA-Q ammonium groups together with intermolecular hydrogen bonds construct the secondary network. Such interpenetrating architecture elevates cross-linking density, delivering energy dissipation \u226413.3%, residual strain \u22645.8% after 10,000 compression cycles, and a rapid response \u226462.63 ms. The 3 \u00d7 3 pressure sensor matrix accurately manipulates bionic hands, demonstrating great prospects for human-machine interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c09528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:01:36Z","timestamp":1791284496000},"page":"32486-32501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic Ionic Double-Network\nHydrogels of Agricultural\nLignin\/Zwitterionic Starch via 3D Printing for a Rapid-Rebound and\nReal-Time Feedback Flexible Sensor"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Zeyun","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology , , No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA , ,","place":["Tianjin, P. R. China, 300457"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology , , No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA , ,","place":["Tianjin, P. R. China, 300457"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology , , , ,","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China, 650500"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology , , No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA , ,","place":["Tianjin, P. R. China, 300457"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology , , No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA , ,","place":["Tianjin, P. R. China, 300457"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology , , No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA , ,","place":["Tianjin, P. R. China, 300457"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd. , No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street , , ,","place":["Pinghu, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China, 314214"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6920-3912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingye","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology , , No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA , ,","place":["Tianjin, P. R. 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